Pressurization performance and temperature stratification in cryogenic final stage propellant tank

Liu, Zhan; Li, Yanzhong; Yonghua, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.195

Cited by 60 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The source term is expressed almost similar to what was done in [17,18]. The difference is that the source term is activated only at the interface.…”

Section: Cfd-modelsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Modelling details of phase change mechanisms is not the aim. Relevant studies that apply to existing CFD methods includes Liu et al [17,18], who performed CFD studies of pressurization and stratification phenomenon in a cryogenic tank. Similar implementations in OpenFOAM (version 2.1.1, The OpenFOAM Foundation, London, UK) have been done by Haider [19] and Kunkelmann [20] in their Ph.D. thesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulations of Sloshing and the Thermodynamic Response Due to Mixing

Grotle¹,

Æsøy²

2017

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, we apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the thermodynamic response enhanced by sloshing inside liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel tanks. An existing numerical solver provided by OpenFOAM is used to simulate sloshing in a model scaled tank of similar form to an LNG fuel tank. The interface area has been estimated for different sloshing regimes on three different numerical grids representing the tank in 3D. Estimating the interface area is done by performing a grid-independence study. In the most severe sloshing conditions, convergence is not achieved. By combining the results from experiments and CFD, it is found that the interface area and the condensation mass flow rate are in phase for the most severe sloshing condition. The existing CFD solver is modified to determine the pressure drop. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data, and the results are acceptable and thereby show a potential in applying CFD to predict the thermodynamic response due to sloshing. By plotting the temperature contours, indications are found that the exchange of cold bulk and saturated liquid due to sloshing has a significant influence on the thermodynamic response.

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“…The source term is expressed almost similar to what was done in [17,18]. The difference is that the source term is activated only at the interface.…”

Section: Cfd-modelsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulations of Sloshing and the Thermodynamic Response Due to Mixing

Grotle¹,

Æsøy²

2017

Energies

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show abstract

“…Ovidi et al [13] used the CFD method to analyze the thermal stratification and self-pressurization of the liquid phase in a cylindrical liquefied natural gas tank due to thermal boundary. Liu et al [14] established a CFD model of cryogenic liquid oxygen tanks, studied the self-pressurization and thermal stratification in cryogenic tanks, and gave the temperature distribution and pressure change in cryogenic liquid oxygen tanks. To study the self-pressurization behavior in a liquid hydrogen tank under a normal gravity environment, Barsi [15] established a gas-liquid two-phase CFD model in the tank and gave the effect of filling rate on the self-pressurization behavior in a liquid hydrogen tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Self-Pressurization Laws of Cryogenic Liquid Krypton Tank for the Electric Propulsion System

Chen

Zhu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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To meet the application requirements of zero boil-off storage of cryogenic liquid krypton propellant in the process of completing deep space exploration missions by electric propulsion system, it is important to study the thermodynamic changes in cryogenic liquid krypton tanks under different environments. The gas phase and liquid phase material model of krypton working fluid, the gas-liquid phase change model at the interface layers, and the heat transfer process between the wall and the internal fluid are established by ANSYS-Fluent. The energy source term, gas phase, liquid phase mass source term, and phase change saturation temperature in the liquid krypton cryogenic tank are defined. This paper’s three influencing factors of gravity, initial liquid filling rate, and wall heat leakage are simulated and analysed. The results show that: (1) The self-pressurization rate significantly rises as the wall heat flux rises, and the gas-liquid interface drops less quickly. The pressure and temperature in the tank are also increasing at the same liquid level. (2) In the normal gravity environment, the bigger the filling rate, the lower the corresponding self-pressurization rate. (3) In the process of variable gravity, the gas pressurization rate in the cryogenic liquid krypton tank falls with the decrease of gravity.

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“…The thermodynamic responses of low-temperature fluids to different excitations are usually studied in the aerospace field. Pressurization, BOG generation, and thermal stratification subjected to periodical excitation in the fuel tank were investigated in [25][26][27]. With the development of marine engineering, liquid sloshing and the thermodynamic responses to it have been studied in marine equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Ship Motion Effect on Pressurization and Holding Time of Tank Containers during Marine Transportation

Yin

Yue

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the cleanest fossil fuel available, producing less carbon emissions and fewer pollutants than other fossil fuels. Marine transportation is a key process in the LNG supply chain. The use of tank containers, which are portable equipment, can effectively facilitate multi-mode transportation. LNG evaporation causes pressurization, which is a safety concern during transportation. Ship motion and environmental temperature are the main factors affecting pressure variations. In this study, the effect of ship motion on pressurization and holding time was investigated through three types of experiments, namely, prototype, field, and self-pressurization experiments. The results showed that while increased boil-off gas was generated due to ship motion, this evaporation remained stable in dynamic cases. Higher evaporation rates were obtained under more severe dynamic conditions, and the holding time was shortened. The two different effects of ship motion on pressure development discussed here are the facilitation of pressurization due to the enhancement of heat transfer and the prevention of pressurization due to gas condensation at the vapor–liquid interface. These two effects show varied levels of predominance over the pressure variations depending on different stages of transportation. The holding time in the experiments was able to reach 87 days under the most severe condition, which is long enough for long-term shipping; the safety of transporting LNG in tank containers is further discussed based on the experimental results herein.

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Pressurization performance and temperature stratification in cryogenic final stage propellant tank

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical Simulations of Sloshing and the Thermodynamic Response Due to Mixing

Numerical Simulations of Sloshing and the Thermodynamic Response Due to Mixing

Study on the Self-Pressurization Laws of Cryogenic Liquid Krypton Tank for the Electric Propulsion System

Experimental Study of Ship Motion Effect on Pressurization and Holding Time of Tank Containers during Marine Transportation

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