Pressure–volume–temperature behavior of high density polyethylene

Foster, George N.; Waldman, Nathan; Griskey, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/app.1966.070100202

J of Applied Polymer Sci

1966

DOI: 10.1002/app.1966.070100202

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Pressure–volume–temperature behavior of high density polyethylene

George N. Foster

Nathan Waldman

Richard G. Griskey

Abstract: SynopsisEquilibrium pressure-volume-temperature behavior in both the solid and molten regions was determined for a high density ( p = 0.958 g . /~m .~) polyethylene. Data were measured with a recently developed compressibility device capable of obtaining precibe and accurate data. Residual curve treatment showed that the data were true equilibrium data. Compressibilities calculated from the data of this work compared favorably to existing data which were limited to 205°C. The present work extended the compress… Show more

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1989

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Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

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Untersuchungen zur Löslichkeit von Ethen, Propan, Propen und But‐1‐en in Schmelzen von Oligomeren des Polyethylens bzw. (Ethen‐Vinylacetat)‐Copolymeren bei Temperaturen bis 473,15 k und Drücken bis 30 MPA. Teil I. Apparaturen und Ergebnisse

Heuer¹,

Peuschel²,

Rätzsch³

et al. 1989

Acta Polymerica

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Die PVT-Daten eines Polyethylen-und cines (Ethen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymerwachses sowie die Loslichkeit von Ethen, Propan, Propen und But-1-en in der Schmelze werden mitgeteilt. Im untersuchten Druck-und Temperaturbereich nimmt die Loslichkeit mit steigendem Druck, fallender Temperatur, steigender C-Atom-Zahl der gasformigen Komponente und sinkendem z,, des Wachses zu. Aufbau und Funktionsweise der entwickclten Apparaturen werden erlautert. Mccaeaoeanm pacmeopwocmu ammena, nponaHa, nponena u 6ymena e pacnaaeax oauzoaepoe noauamuaena, a m a z w e (amusen-sunmayemam) eonoauaepax n p u memtepamypeao 473.15 Ec u aaeaenuax ao 30 M U a , Zlacmb I . Ycmanoeza u peayabmambs BopmocTb a~nJieaa, nponaaa, nponeaa II 6 y~e n a B pacnnase. B HccnenyeMoM mwepsane TeMnepaTyp R AasnemB Coo61qa1o~c~ PVT-naaHbIe HR3KOMOJTeKynHpHOrO IIOJIR3TMJIeHa R (3THJleH-BHHRnaqeTaT) COnOJIRMepa, a TaKme PaCTPaCTBOPIIMOCTb IIOBbILLIaeTCH C nOBbIUIeHHeM RaBJIeHIIH, nOHUXEeHHeM TeMIIepaTypbI, IIOBbIIIIeHHeM aTOMHOrO 9RCJIa c ra3006pa3~oro KOMnOHeHTa I4 yMeHblueHHeM MOneKynHpHOfi MaCCbI HH3KOMOneKynHpHOI' O nOJlII3TRneHEl. 06%-HCHHeTCH YCTpOfiCTBO II lIpBHqlln pa6OTbI pa3pa60TaHHOfi YCTaHOBKR.Investigations on solubility of ethene, propane, propene, and but-1-ene in molten oligomers of polyethylene and poly(etheneco-oinylacetate) at temperatures u p to 473.15 K and pressures u p to 30 MPa. Part I . Apparatuses and results Results of P-V-2'-measurements of a polyethylene and a poly(ethene-co-vinyl acetate) wax and solubility data of ethene, propane, propene, and but-1-ene in the molten waxes are reported. The solubility increases with increasing pressure, decreasing temperature, increasing number of C-atoms of the gaseous component, and decreasing 2" of the wax. The construction and the working principles of the developed equipment are explained.

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Untersuchungen zur Löslichkeit von Ethen, Propan, Propen und But‐1‐en in Schmelzen von Oligomeren des Polyethylens bzw. (Ethen‐Vinylacetat)‐Copolymeren bei Temperaturen bis 473,15 k und Drücken bis 30 MPA. Teil I. Apparaturen und Ergebnisse

Heuer¹,

Peuschel²,

Rätzsch³

et al. 1989

Acta Polymerica

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Diffusion and solution of gases into thermally softened or molten polymers: Part II. Relation of diffusivities and solubilities with temperature pressure and structural characteristics

Durrill

Griskey

1969

AIChE Journal

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Solubilities and diffusivities of various gases (helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, krypton, and monochlorodifluoromethane) in molten or thermally softened polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polystyrene, and polymethylmethacrylate) have been correlated with structural characteristics, temperature, and pressure. Temperature dependence of both Henry's Law constants and diffusivities were of the Arrhenius equation form. No appreciable effect of pressure was found for either Henry's Law constants or diffusivities up to 300 atm. Earlier correlations for Henry's Law constants in solid polymer systems were found to be inapplicable for molten and thermally softened polymers. New correlations were developed individually for the latter systems. The correlating factor used was the gos LennardJones force constant. Existing correlations for diffusivities were also found not to apply to molten and thermally softened systems. New correlations were again developed on an individual polymer basis. These related diffusivity to gas Lennard-Jones collision diameter or molecular diameter. Generalized correlations were also developed that held for a number of polymers.These were for both Henry's Law constants and diffusivities.In an earlier paper (1) solubility and diffusivity data were presented for gases absorbed into molten or thermally softened polymer systems. The intent of this paper is to use these data together with other literature information ( 2 to 10) to correlate solubilities and difFusivities with temperature, pressure, and gas and polymer structural characteristics for molten or thermally softened polymer systems.

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Pressure–volume–temperature behavior of nylon 610

Haug

Griskey

1966

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisEquilibrium pressurevolumetemperature behavior in both the solid and molten regions wm determined for nylon 610. Data were measured with a compressibility device capable of obtaining precise and accurate data. Residual curve treatment showed that the data were true equilibrium data. A volume extrapolated to 2419 atm. at room temperature from the present data compared favorably to the sole literature value reported by Bridgman. The data of this work showed the existence of what appears to be a second-order transition point for nylon 610. This point ranged from 140°C. a t 232 atm.to about 170OC. at 1855 atm. The Spencer-Gilmore equation was fitted to the data of this study.Investigations on the effect of pressure on the physical and chemical behavior of polymers are subjects of interest to both polymer engineers and scientists. An area of particular interest is that involving the pressure volumetemperature relations of polymers.A number of investigators, Bridgman,' Parks and Richards12 Spencer and Gilmore13p4 Weir,5-' Matsuoka,8-lo Heydemann and Guicking,ll Hellwege et al.l2 and Foster et al.l3*l4 have measured pressure-volume-temperature data. Many of these studies have, however, been limited with respect to temperature, pressure, or types of polymers studied. I n particular nylon 610 is one polymer that has been neglected. The only available literature data is one value of compressibility.'The present work was undertaken to study as completely as possible both the solid and melt compressibility behavior of nylon 610. Figure 1 is a schematic of the experimental apparatus. Figure 2 depicts the compressibility chamber and piston. Polymer samples were placed in the chamber which was evacuated after it had been immersed in the oil bath thermostat. The device was then thoroughly seasoned. A careful annealing procedure was followed for solid phase measurements. Readings were then taken by holding temperature constant, changing volume, and then balancing the pressure for a long enough period of time to assure the proper equilibrium pressurevolumetemperature combination. A detailed description of apparatus and procedure is given elsewhere. 15 Temperatures were controlled to * O . 10°C. Volume accuracy was 0.25% or better, while the accuracy of pressure nie:wurenients was within 1% or less.

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Pressure–volume–temperature behavior of high density polyethylene

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Untersuchungen zur Löslichkeit von Ethen, Propan, Propen und But‐1‐en in Schmelzen von Oligomeren des Polyethylens bzw. (Ethen‐Vinylacetat)‐Copolymeren bei Temperaturen bis 473,15 k und Drücken bis 30 MPA. Teil I. Apparaturen und Ergebnisse

Untersuchungen zur Löslichkeit von Ethen, Propan, Propen und But‐1‐en in Schmelzen von Oligomeren des Polyethylens bzw. (Ethen‐Vinylacetat)‐Copolymeren bei Temperaturen bis 473,15 k und Drücken bis 30 MPA. Teil I. Apparaturen und Ergebnisse

Diffusion and solution of gases into thermally softened or molten polymers: Part II. Relation of diffusivities and solubilities with temperature pressure and structural characteristics

Pressure–volume–temperature behavior of nylon 610

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