Pressure retarded osmosis for energy production: membrane materials and operating conditions

Kim, H.; Choi, June-Seok; Lee, S.

doi:10.2166/wst.2012.025

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Several factors contribute to this phenomenon, such as operating conditions (e.g., pressure and temperature), solution properties (e.g., viscosity, pH, and ionic strength), solute properties (e.g., size, shape, and diffusivity), and membrane characteristics (e.g., thickness, porosity, and tortuosity), with the latter being the most important one. The utilization of membranes with a lower structural parameter ( S = t τ/ε) decreases the salt concentration near the membrane surface . Energy consumption is another significant aspect of PRO as it involves using energy to pressurize the draw solution and depressurize the diluted draw solution to generate power.…”

Section: Pressure-retarded Osmosis (Pro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FO membranes have demonstrated superior energy efficiency due to their engineered support layer, while NF and RO membranes are more mechanically robust. Therefore, it is imperative to develop specialty PRO membranes with high water permeability, exceptional selectivity, and minimal ICP to enhance the overall performance of PRO . Controlling and optimizing various operating conditions is a viable approach to reducing membrane fouling in the PRO system.…”

Section: Pressure-retarded Osmosis (Pro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities

Rastgar,

Moradi,

Burroughs

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation from fossil fuel combustion account for 25% of global emissions and, thus, contribute greatly to climate change. Renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, have reached a mature stage, with costs aligning with those of fossil fuel-derived power but suffer from the challenge of intermittency due to the variability of wind and sunlight. This study aims to explore the viability of salinity gradient power, or “blue energy”, as a clean, renewable source of uninterrupted, base-load power generation. Harnessing the salinity gradient energy from river estuaries worldwide could meet a substantial portion of the global electricity demand (approximately 7%). Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are more prominent technologies for blue energy harvesting, whereas thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) is emerging with new promise. This review scrutinizes the obstacles encountered in developing osmotic power generation using membrane-based methods and presents potential solutions to overcome challenges in practical applications. While certain strategies have shown promise in addressing some of these obstacles, further research is still required to enhance the energy efficiency and feasibility of membrane-based processes, enabling their large-scale implementation in osmotic energy harvesting.

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Section: Pressure-retarded Osmosis (Pro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressure-retarded Osmosis (Pro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities

Rastgar,

Moradi,

Burroughs

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under the premise of maintaining good mechanical stability, reducing film thickness and curvature and increasing porosity can reduce the influence of ICP. The semipermeable membrane needs to meet many requirements, such as small thickness, small pore diameter, good water permeability, great mechanical strength, and pollution resistance. − …”

Section: Technologies For Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and Materials of Mixing Entropy Battery and Capacitor for Future Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energy

Zhou

Zhang

Han

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The salinity gradient energy, also known as "blue energy", widely exists at the junction of river water and seawater, which is a promising renewable energy. When two solutions with different salt concentrations are mixed, they will spontaneously release energy. The blue energy is in the form of chemical energy. The available salinity gradient energy all over the world is huge, so the study of it is of great significance. In this review, various techniques and their principles for obtaining salinity gradient energy are reviewed, and the mixing entropy battery (MEB) technique is introduced in detail. The MEB can not only extract but also store electrochemical energy through a simple four-step cycle. We focus on the principles of MEB and the calculation of energy consumption during the process of mixing, as well as the anode materials, cathode materials, and natural electrolyte used in MEB. The electrolyte of the mixing entropy battery or capacitor is not limited to river and seawater; salt-lake brine, geothermal water, and urban wastewater can also be used, but further research is needed.

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“…Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are the best membranes for the PRO process. Kim et al [23] studied the PRO for energy production very well along with the detailed study of membrane materials and operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Osmotic Power from Membrane Technology

Ingole

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The whole world is facing challenges for energy supply due to the economic developments, increasing population because of the decrease in oil/gas reserves. Therefore, in current decades, alternative energy sources are in focus to fulfil the energy gap between energy demand and supply. Wind, solar, and biomass are good and sustainable energy sources buthave high installation costs. Henceforth, to find out the cheap, clean, safe, and adequate energy sources is still a prime challenge for the researchers. Power generation by using membrane technology is the new achievement in this list. From the last few decades, pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is involved to generate the power, and it offers the opportunity for utilizing osmotic pressure gradients for a wide range of applications. Generating power from the PRO is an emerging platform technology that produces high electric power. In this research area, the membrane science community has expanded huge attention, currently, polymer composite, and nanocomposite membranes are involved in osmosis power generation application. In this chapter, we discuss the treasured insights and tactics for the fabrication and design of highly active antifouling materials and membranes for pressure-retarded osmotic power generation.

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Pressure retarded osmosis for energy production: membrane materials and operating conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities

Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities

Principles and Materials of Mixing Entropy Battery and Capacitor for Future Harvesting Salinity Gradient Energy

Generation of Osmotic Power from Membrane Technology

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