Pressure Relief Design and Performance of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

Ozawa, J.; Mizukoshi, A.; Maruyama, Shoichi; Nakano, Kazunori; Sahto, K.; St-Jean, G.; Latour, Y.; Petit, A.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.1986.4307901

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is extremely important that the modes of failure be understood [48][49][50][51][52]58,59]. Testing has shown that a disc's failure location depends on the rise time of the applied waveform; with the location moving to thLe periphery of the disc as the rise time increases.…”

Section: Zinc Oxide Performance Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Bialek¹

1999

IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key Words: Zinc oxide, surge arresters, arrester selection ver since the first lines were strung, electrical storms and other natural phenomenon have caused voltage surges to occur in the connected system. Surges due to lightning and line switching cause instantaneous and incipient failures. As the systems have grown more complex, available fault current levels have risen, requiring sophisticated surge protection schemes.Spark gaps were the earliest form of overvoltage protection. Due to problems with power frequency follow-through current, current-limiting spark gaps with a series impedance were ultimately developed. The silicon carbide (Sic) arresters with magnetically blown spark gaps were the epitome of this form of overvoltage protection. [1,84]. Surge capacitors and inductors were also utilized in certain applications to limit the overvoltages produced in the system.Insulation coordination standards and guides for the application of surge protective devices developed, which provided a basis for the selection of surge protective devices. [21,27,[93][94][95]. These standards required a minimum protective margin for front-of-wave, standard impulse and switching surge levels, which, based on experience, should provide adequate protection for the life of the equipment, typically 30 or 40 years.As the transmission voltage levels increased, the equipment insulation levels decreased. For equipment such as transformers, the ratio of the basic impulse insulation level, BIL, to system voltage decreases with increasing system voltage [92]. While there are many explanations for this decreasing ratio, the need to reduce equipment size and costs along with the awarding of contracts on the basis of lowest cost have been very important. Ultimately, the need for better protective margins drove the surge arrester manufacturers to develop improved forms of surge protection. In 1968, Dr. M. Matsuoka and his colleagues at Matsushita Electric Co. discovered zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors [83].This paper deals first briefly with the Sic versus ZnO arrester arguments that have led to the wide acceptance of ZnO as the arrester of choice in most applications. ZnO fundamentals and performance issues are discussed. This paper is intended to be a brief tutorial on ZnO surge arresters, and Tom Bialek Pacific Gas and Electric Companythe reader is encouraged to consult the reference section and the literature for more detailed informatison [82]. Silicon Carbide limitationsSic arresters have several fundamental limitations: the Sic valve elements, the gaps, and the power follow-through current. The element's nonlinearity coefficient is typically of the range 2 to 6 and also has a negative temperature coefficient [l, 2,20, 841. During arrester operation the valve element impedance decreases, which allows a higher value of power frequency current to flow, which must be cleared by the gaps necessary to isolate the arrester from nominal system voltages. Multiple series current-limiiting gaps are utilized to improve the gap reliability versus , % si...

show abstract

Section: Zinc Oxide Performance Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48,49,58]. This issue has been one of the keys to the rapid acceptance of polymer arresters [48,SO,51,611.…”

Section: Zinc Oxide Performance Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Bialek¹

1999

IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At some point in time the streams of ionized gas from top and bottom nozzles will meet and the arc is commutating to the exterior region. With the arc burning outside the arrester, the internal pressure rise is limited and therefore the thermal and mechanical stresses on the tube are also limited, as reported by Ozawa et al [12]. With the help of high speed imaging, the external arc commutation phenomenon is analyzed in the SC test and compared with gas flow analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With the help of high speed imaging, the external arc commutation phenomenon is analyzed in the SC test and compared with gas flow analysis. It was shown that a quick arc commutation from inside to outside is a key to limit pressure inside surge arrester [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc Modeling in Industrial Applications

Ruempler

Chechare²,

Zacharias

2019

PPT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simulation methods are routinely applied in the design and development process of power distribution devices. Arcing phenomena that occur during switching operations or fault events are modeled to optimize device performance and gain deeper insights into the behavior that testing cannot easily provide. In this contribution, some applications are presented in detail. The first example describes the distribution of debris that is generated inside a molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) during short-circuit interruption. A model is used to analyze the debris transport and to derive a solution to address issues caused by the debris. Second application example is a cooling device for hot plasma gases vented by circuit breakers. A model driven design process helps to define the device dimensions to achieve a safe temperature level of the exhaust gases. The third example deals with short-circuit behavior of a hollow core high voltage surge arrester, comparing model and experimental results.

show abstract

Surge Arresters: Application and Selection

Agrawal¹

2001

Industrial Power Engineering Handbook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pressure Relief Design and Performance of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Arc Modeling in Industrial Applications

Surge Arresters: Application and Selection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About