Pressure of Climatic Factors on Sheep Bluetongue Epidemics in Tamil Nadu

Kumar, Sharath; Selvaraj, Patturaja; Veeraselvam, M.; Kumar, Manoj; Yogeshpriya, S.; Reddy, Y Krishna Mohan

doi:10.32474/cdvs.2018.01.000106

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The result showed a remarkable difference (p<0.01) in the seroprevalence of BTV antibodies at different locations of the study areas. This might be due to diverse climatic condition of Darchula including hot and humid temperature following monsoon that favours for the vector growth and activity (Kumar et al, 2018). Moreover, the district share open boarder with India and China, where several outbreaks of bluetongue disease have been reported ( Joardar et al, 2013;Bitew et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Puri¹,

Tiwary²,

Regmi³

et al. 2022

SJA

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B luetongue disease is an emerging, economically important vector-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. It is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV) belonging to the Orbivirus Genus of the Reoviridae family (Mozaffari and Khalili, 2012). So far, 26 distinct serotypes of BTV have been identified (Khair et al., 2014). BTV infects animals throughout the world, lying between latitude 40 o N and 35 o S.However, the virus has spread far beyond the aforementioned range (Sperlova and Zendulkova, 2011). The prevalence of bluetongue disease correlates with the distribution of competent culicoides vectors and appropriate climatic conditions (Raut et al., 2013). Bluetongue disease has been included in "List A" disease of Office of International Epizootic (OIE) due to its enormous potential for rapid spread and substantial economic losses arising from poor weight gain, production loss, increase in reproductive prob-Abstract | This study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Bluetongue disease and understand its associated risk factors from the international border areas of Nepal. A total of 220 blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) and screened for Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in sera using a cELISA kit. Out of 220 sera samples, 92 were positive for BTV, accounting for 41.8% prevalence in ruminants. Seroprevalence rate was the highest in Buffaloes (58.3%) followed by sheep and goats (each 40%), and cattle (37.5%). The BTV seropositivity varied significantly (p<0.001) among ruminants in different sampling areas with the highest prevalence in Gokuleshwor (66.6%). Interestingly, the BTV was detected higher (p<0.01) in females (48.36%) and older ruminants (49.12%). The seroprevalence of BTV showed a significant association (p<0.01) with vector density and resulted in 46.5% of seropositivity. It was concluded that bluetongue disease exists in the international border areas of Nepal and its prevalence was widespread among cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. The present study showed sex, age and vector population as the main influential risk factors for BTV infection. Further studies are imperative to identify the vector from different agro-climatic zones at the species level and to serotype the BTV prevalent in the study areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Puri¹,

Tiwary²,

Regmi³

et al. 2022

SJA

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“…BT outbreaks were highly seasonal. They occur during the late summer and autumn, closely related to climatic and ecological factors, which influence the abundance and survival of the vectors.These factors include temperature ( Wittman et al ., 2002 ), vegetation index ( Carpenter et al ., 2009 ), relative humidity ( Carpenter et al ., 2009 ; Kumar et al ., 2018 ), wind speeds ( Ducheyne et al ., 2007 ; Carpenter et al ., 2008 ; Baylis et al ., 2010 ), higher rainfall in the preceding month of the occurrence of the disease ( Gloster et al ., 2008 ; Eticha and Mekonne, 2019 ), elevation ( Hendrickx et al ., 2008 ; Guis et al ., 2012 ), livestock distribution ( Van Schaik et al ., 2008 ; Jacquot et al ., 2017 ) and soil types ( Purse et al ., 2004 ). There are many dynamic climate zones in Tunisia with different agriculture practices and livestock distribution among regions.To design interventions to limit the spread of BT, it is essential to identify these factors and determine their importance in spatial disease spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Eco-Climatic Factors in the Distribution of Bluetongue in Endemic Areas in Tunisia

Hassine¹,

Sghaier²,

Sarah³

et al. 2022

Open Vet J

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Background: Bluetongue (BT) is an important infectious, non-contagious, OIE-listed viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The disease is transmitted among susceptible animals by a few species of an insect vector in the genus Culicoides . Recently, during the fall of 2020 (September and October), a Bluetongue virus-4 epizootic marked the epidemiological situation in several delegations of Tunisia with clinical cases recorded in sheep and cattle. Aim: Determine the eco-climatic variables most likely associated with delegations reporting BT cases. Methods: A logistic regression model (LRM) was used to examine which eco-climatic variables were most likely associated with delegations reporting BT cases. Results: Based on the LRM, our findings demonstrated that the key factors contributing significantly to BT cases’ distribution among delegations in Tunisia included day land surface temperatures (DLST), night land surface temperatures (NLST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A positive correlation between sheep distribution and rainfall amounts was demonstrated. Statistical analysis focusing on the most affected delegations during the BT epidemic (the Sahel and the Centre of Tunisia) demonstrated that the epidemic situation seems to be a consequence of the combination of the following environmental parameters: NDVI with values ranging between 0.16 and 0.2, moderate rainfall 2–4-fold above the normal (10–50 mm) and DLST values between 32°C and 34°C in September. Conclusion: These findings suggest and develop a robust and efficient early warning surveillance program in risk areas based on eco-climatic risk factors.

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Pressure of Climatic Factors on Sheep Bluetongue Epidemics in Tamil Nadu

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease among Domestic Ruminants Raised in International Border Areas of Nepal

Role of Eco-Climatic Factors in the Distribution of Bluetongue in Endemic Areas in Tunisia

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