Pressure Injury and Pressure Ulcers

Abstract

Pressure ulcers are defects of the skin and/or underlying tissues that occur because of pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Pressure ulcers occur due to prolonged exposure to mechanical load that increases internal stresses and strains. Some individuals are at increased risk of developing a pressure ulcer, particularly those who are immobile. Identifying those at risk and implementing preventive strategies that address these risks are an imperative. When a pressure ulcer occurs, accurate assessment of the extent of skin and underlying tissue damage and the clinical condition of the ulcer assists in selection of appropriate wound treatments. This chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pressure ulcers, their classification and assessment, and strategies that are used in their prevention and treatment.