Pressure‐Induced Synthesis of Homogeneously Dispersed Sn/SnO₂/C Nanocomposites as Advanced Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

SnOx attracts considerable attention as an anode of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity. However, SnOx suffers from poor cyclability and rate capability caused by large volume change upon cycling and low conductivity, which severely limits its application for LIBs. Herein, a nanocomposite of Sn/SnO2/C is synthesized for the first time under an elevated pressure originated from the pyrolysis of dimethyltin oxide in a sealed vessel. The Sn/SnO2/C nanocomposite consists of a homogeneous dispersion of Sn and SnO2 nanocrystals (<10 nm) into the carbon matrix, which endows it with an enhanced lithium storage performance. The Sn/SnO2/C nanocomposite delivers an excellent cyclability (0.025% capacity loss per cycle during 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1) with an improved rate performance (243.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1).

Ge nanocrystals tightly and uniformly distributed in a carbon matrix through nitrogen and oxygen bridging bonds for fast-charging high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries

“…The results show that the size of Ge nanoparticles increases and their structures change from crystalline to amorphous after cycling, which is consistent with the previous reports. 28,29 Therefore, the increase of electrode thickness is mainly caused by the increase of the size of Ge nanoparticles and 13 (iii) Nanoscopically and evenly distributed structure can make strain uniformly distribute in the nanocomposite to mitigate volume expansion; 7,8,10 (iv) Highly mesoporous structure has a accommodation capacity of volume expansion;…”

“…Commercial graphite anode due to low capacity 1 and poor rate performance 2 cannot meet the requirement of high-energy/power-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles, which need longer driving mileage and shorter charge time. 3,4 Consequently, enormous anodes with higher capacity and better rate capability are fabricated in recent years, such as Si, 5 Ge, 6 Sn, 7 and their corresponding oxide, [8][9][10][11][12] and transition metal sulfide 13,14 etc. Among them, Ge has come to public concern due to high specific/volumetric capacity of 1624 mAh g -1 /8600 mAh cm -3 , 15,16 and high Li + diffusivity 6,17 to lead to an amazing rate capability up to 1000 C. 18 However, Ge experiences large volume change of ~230% on cycling to bring about electrode pulverization, and thus cause poor cyclablity.…”

One-step vapor-pressured induced synthesis of spherical-like Co9S8/N, S-codoped carbon nanocomposites with superior rate capability as lithium-ion-battery anode

“…The high pseudocapacitive contribution mainly arises from extra Li + storage sites, such as interfaces and defects. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]…”

Good Cycling Stabilities of Sn/SnO2/C/S Composite Electrodes with Introduced Active Tin Atoms in Li–S Batteries

“…Traditional preparation methods of Sn/SnO 2 /C composite materials are mainly achieved by liquid-phase reaction processes and high-temperature carbonization reaction processes. , Han et al prepared homogeneously dispersed Sn/SnO 2 /C composite materials for lithium ion batteries by a heat treatment process. Cheng et al obtained core–shell-structured Sn/SnO 2 /C composite materials by a hydrothermal reaction method and a high-temperature carbonization method for sodium ion batteries.…”