Pressure-induced microstructural changes in porcine tricuspid valve leaflets

Pant, Anup; Thomas, Vineet S.; Black, Anthony L.; Verba, Taylor; Lesicko, John; Amini, Rouzbeh

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.040

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In contrast, when circumferentially-dominant loading was considered, the quantified

became more closely aligned with the tissues’ circumferential directions ( Figure 4 ). These observations in our pilot study are in a good agreement with those findings from the previous studies on the other heart valve leaflets and the TV leaflets with chemical fixation [ 58 , 59 ]. By employing our combined experimental approach, the collagen fiber architecture of the same TV leaflet can be quantified at different equibiaxial and non-equibiaxial loading states, without the use of chemical fixation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Pilot Study on Linking Tissue Mechanics with Load-Dependent Collagen Microstructures in Porcine Tricuspid Valve Leaflets

et al. 2020

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The tricuspid valve (TV) is composed of three leaflets that coapt during systole to prevent deoxygenated blood from re-entering the right atrium. The connection between the TV leaflets’ microstructure and the tissue-level mechanical responses has yet to be fully understood in the TV biomechanics society. This pilot study sought to examine the load-dependent collagen fiber architecture of the three TV leaflets, by employing a multiscale, combined experimental approach that utilizes tissue-level biaxial mechanical characterizations, micro-level collagen fiber quantification, and histological analysis. Our results showed that the three TV leaflets displayed greater extensibility in the tissues’ radial direction than in the circumferential direction, consistently under different applied biaxial tensions. Additionally, collagen fibers reoriented towards the direction of the larger applied load, with the largest changes in the alignment of the collagen fibers under radially-dominant loading. Moreover, collagen fibers in the belly region of the TV leaflets were found to experience greater reorientations compared to the tissue region closer to the TV annulus. Furthermore, histological examinations of the TV leaflets displayed significant regional variation in constituent mass fraction, highlighting the heterogeneous collagen microstructure. The combined experimental approach presented in this work enables the connection of tissue mechanics, collagen fiber microstructure, and morphology for the TV leaflets. This experimental methodology also provides a new research platform for future developments, such as multiscale models for the TVs, and the design of bioprosthetic heart valves that could better mimic the mechanical, microstructural, and morphological characteristics of the native tricuspid valve leaflets.

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“…In contrast, when circumferentially-dominant loading was considered, the quantified

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Pilot Study on Linking Tissue Mechanics with Load-Dependent Collagen Microstructures in Porcine Tricuspid Valve Leaflets

et al. 2020

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“…Pant and colleagues (2018) investigated whether the arrangement of fibrous collagen proteins in the ECM of porcine tricuspid valve explants differed in a pressurized environment versus a non-pressurized environment. The study found that the presence of hydrostatic pressure increased the alignment of collagen fibers in the leaflets, suggesting that normal physiological pressure helps to maintain the collagen-based mechanical integrity of leaflets [89]. Conversely, abnormal pressures might contribute to disease by adversely affecting the collagen microenvironment.…”

Section: Pressure In Adult Pathologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Biomechanical Cues Direct Valvulogenesis

Ahuja

Ostwald

Bark

et al. 2020

JCDD

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The vertebrate embryonic heart initially forms with two chambers, a ventricle and an atrium, separated by the atrioventricular junction. Localized genetic and biomechanical information guides the development of valves, which function to ensure unidirectional blood flow. If the valve development process goes awry, pathology associated with congenital valve defects can ensue. Congenital valve defects (CVD) are estimated to affect 1–2% of the population and can often require a lifetime of treatment. Despite significant clinical interest, molecular genetic mechanisms that direct valve development remain incompletely elucidated. Cells in the developing valve must contend with a dynamic hemodynamic environment. A growing body of research supports the idea that cells in the valve are highly sensitive to biomechanical forces, which cue changes in gene expression required for normal development or for maintenance of the adult valve. This review will focus on mechanotransductive pathways involved in valve development across model species. We highlight current knowledge regarding how cells sense physical forces associated with blood flow and pressure in the forming heart, and summarize how these changes are transduced into genetic and developmental responses. Lastly, we provide perspectives on how altered biomechanical cues may lead to CVD pathogenesis.

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“…From this study, a mean compressive annular strain of 4% ± 2% was quantified, with the greatest compression occurring at the anterior side and the smallest compression at the septal side. Similar studies have been performed to derive the human tricuspid annulus geometry [111].…”

Section: In-vivo and In-vitro Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of the Tricuspid Valve—From Clinical Diagnosis/Treatment, In-Vivo and In-Vitro Investigations, to Patient-Specific Biomechanical Modeling

et al. 2019

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Proper tricuspid valve (TV) function is essential to unidirectional blood flow through the right side of the heart. Alterations to the tricuspid valvular components, such as the TV annulus, may lead to functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR), where the valve is unable to prevent undesired backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during systole. Various treatment options are currently available for FTR; however, research for the tricuspid heart valve, functional tricuspid regurgitation, and the relevant treatment methodologies are limited due to the pervasive expectation among cardiac surgeons and cardiologists that FTR will naturally regress after repair of left-sided heart valve lesions. Recent studies have focused on (i) understanding the function of the TV and the initiation or progression of FTR using both in-vivo and in-vitro methods, (ii) quantifying the biomechanical properties of the tricuspid valve apparatus as well as its surrounding heart tissue, and (iii) performing computational modeling of the TV to provide new insight into its biomechanical and physiological function. This review paper focuses on these advances and summarizes recent research relevant to the TV within the scope of FTR. Moreover, this review also provides future perspectives and extensions critical to enhancing the current understanding of the functioning and remodeling tricuspid valve in both the healthy and pathophysiological states.

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Pressure-induced microstructural changes in porcine tricuspid valve leaflets

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

A Pilot Study on Linking Tissue Mechanics with Load-Dependent Collagen Microstructures in Porcine Tricuspid Valve Leaflets

A Pilot Study on Linking Tissue Mechanics with Load-Dependent Collagen Microstructures in Porcine Tricuspid Valve Leaflets

Biomechanical Cues Direct Valvulogenesis

Mechanics of the Tricuspid Valve—From Clinical Diagnosis/Treatment, In-Vivo and In-Vitro Investigations, to Patient-Specific Biomechanical Modeling

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