Pressure Gaps in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Surface and Interface Coordination Chemistry Learned from Model Heterogeneous Metal Nanocatalysts: From Atomically Dispersed Catalysts to Atomically Precise Clusters

“…As shown in Figure , since the mid-1960s, modern surface science approaches using single-crystal surfaces as the model catalysts as well as powerful ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) analytical techniques (e.g., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy) have been developed as effective strategies for understanding the catalytic mechanisms of heterogeneous metal catalysts at the atomic level. , However, due to the use of single-crystal surfaces and UHV characterization tools in surface science studies, there are materials and pressure gaps between surface science and practical catalysis. , Therefore, over the past three decades, an increasing research effort has been dedicated to the development of alternative model catalyst systems to gain the molecular insights into heterogeneous catalysis. At the right time, with the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a large variety of high-surface area nanomaterials with structure features more closer to realistic catalysts as well as their advanced characterization techniques have become available. − The fabrication and use of metal nanomaterials with well-defined structures as model catalysts has been emerging as a new research paradigm toward the in-depth understanding of complex heterogeneous catalysis (Figure ).…”

“…17,18 However, due to the use of single-crystal surfaces and UHV characterization tools in surface science studies, there are materials and pressure gaps between surface science and practical catalysis. 19,20 Therefore, over the past three decades, an increasing research effort has been dedicated to the development of alternative model catalyst systems to gain the molecular insights into heterogeneous catalysis. At the right time, with the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a large variety of high-surface area nanomaterials with structure features more closer to realistic catalysts as well as their advanced characterization techniques have become available.…”