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The cell structure of a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) is made up of thousands of individual cells. Although the symmetric square cell structure of the GPF is commonly used internationally, several cell designs have been proposed to reduce the pressure drop in the GPF trapping process. The aim of this paper was to use AVL-Fire software to establish GPF models of different cell structures, mainly including the symmetric square cell structure, asymmetric square cell structure, and symmetric hexagonal cell structure, and analyze the GPF pressure drop characteristics of different cell structures according to the carrier structural parameters and altitude. The results show that compared with the pressure drop of the symmetric square cell structure, the pressure drop of the asymmetric cell structure with inlet/outlet side length ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 is decreased by 4.61%, 9.07%, 12.19%, and 13.22%, respectively, and the pressure drop of the symmetric hexagonal cell structure is decreased by 33.17%. Both asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structure GPFs can decrease the pressure drop during trapping by increasing the cell density. From 200 CPSI to 300 CPSI, the pressure drop of the asymmetric cell structure with inlet/outlet side length ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 is decreased by 20.43%, 20.53%, 20.39%, and 18.56%, respectively, and the pressure drop of the symmetric hexagonal cell structure is decreased by 18.70%. The pressure drop values of GPFs with asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structures show an increasing trend with an increasing filter wall thickness and inlet/outlet plug length. The pressure drop values of GPFs with asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structures show an increasing trend with an increasing altitude, and the larger the inlet/outlet ratio, the more significant the increase in the pressure drop.
The cell structure of a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) is made up of thousands of individual cells. Although the symmetric square cell structure of the GPF is commonly used internationally, several cell designs have been proposed to reduce the pressure drop in the GPF trapping process. The aim of this paper was to use AVL-Fire software to establish GPF models of different cell structures, mainly including the symmetric square cell structure, asymmetric square cell structure, and symmetric hexagonal cell structure, and analyze the GPF pressure drop characteristics of different cell structures according to the carrier structural parameters and altitude. The results show that compared with the pressure drop of the symmetric square cell structure, the pressure drop of the asymmetric cell structure with inlet/outlet side length ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 is decreased by 4.61%, 9.07%, 12.19%, and 13.22%, respectively, and the pressure drop of the symmetric hexagonal cell structure is decreased by 33.17%. Both asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structure GPFs can decrease the pressure drop during trapping by increasing the cell density. From 200 CPSI to 300 CPSI, the pressure drop of the asymmetric cell structure with inlet/outlet side length ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 is decreased by 20.43%, 20.53%, 20.39%, and 18.56%, respectively, and the pressure drop of the symmetric hexagonal cell structure is decreased by 18.70%. The pressure drop values of GPFs with asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structures show an increasing trend with an increasing filter wall thickness and inlet/outlet plug length. The pressure drop values of GPFs with asymmetric and symmetric hexagonal cell structures show an increasing trend with an increasing altitude, and the larger the inlet/outlet ratio, the more significant the increase in the pressure drop.
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To meet the stringent NO<sub>x</sub> and particulate emissions requirements of Euro 6 and China 6 standard, Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) catalyst integrated with wall flow particulate filter (SCR-DPF) has been found to be an effective solution for the exhaust aftertreatment systems of diesel engines. NO<sub>x</sub> is reduced by ammonia generated from urea injection while the filter effectively traps and burns the particulate matter periodically in a process called regeneration. The engine control unit (ECU) effectively manages urea injection quantity, timing and soot burning frequency for the stable functioning of the SCR-DPF without impacting drivability. To control the NO<sub>x</sub> reduction and particulate regeneration process, the control unit uses lookup tables generated from extensive hardware testing to get the current soot load and NO<sub>x</sub> slip information of SCR-DPF as a function of main exhaust state variables.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the current work, engine dynamometer tests were conducted on a SCR-DPF at different operating conditions covering typical vehicle running conditions. The oxygen assisted and NO<sub>2</sub> assisted soot burning efficiency of the SCR-DPF was measured with and without urea injection at different soot loads. The impact of ammonia on soot burning at different engine operating conditions was studied. Using the test data, a physics based 1-D reaction model was developed with NO<sub>x</sub> reduction and soot oxidation reactions. The detailed SCR chemistry includes reactions for ammonia adsorption/desorption, NO oxidation, NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, standard/fast/slow NO<sub>x</sub> reduction and N<sub>2</sub>O formation. The soot burning reaction kinetics is described by the oxidation of soot with NO<sub>x</sub>. The NO<sub>x</sub> reduction and soot regeneration efficiency predictions of the model were validated with test values measured at engine dynamometer conditions under various exhaust flow rate, temperature, and soot load conditions. This 1-D kinetic model can be applied to generate calibration look up tables for the SCR-DPF control system in the vehicle to identify the right soot burning protocol to achieve the target regeneration efficiency. Few of the other areas where the model can be applied are, exhaust aftertreatment (EAT) architectural evaluation, converter sizing, wash coat loading studies, urea injection strategy development and heater element controls optimizations. Compared to the conventional hardware test-based approach, this model-based virtual approach uses less test data thus resulting in faster product development cycle and reduces the testing in engine dynamometer and vehicles.</div></div>
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