Pressure-controlled injection of guar gum stabilized microscale zerovalent iron for groundwater remediation

Luna, Michela; Gastone, Francesca; Tosco, Tiziana Anna Elisabetta; Sethi, Rajandrea; Velimirović, Milica; Gemoets, J.; Muyshondt, R.; Sapion, H.; Klaas, Norbert; Bastiaens, Leen

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.04.007

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The accumulation of particles away from its initial target has been previously reported for field-scale particles injection (e.g. Flores Orozco et al 2015;Luna et al 2015).…”

Section: Electrical Monitoring Images Evidence Fracking Following Parmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A particular case refers to the so-called daylighting, the incident in which renegade particles emerge to the surface along preferential flow paths, for instance through fractures developed by non-intended fracking. Fracking results from pressure building up during the NP injections due to continuous injections performed at high pressure (Hosseini & Tosco 2015;Luna et al 2015), as well as from clogging of the pore space following aggregation and sedimentation of the injected particles (e.g. Tosco & Sethi 2010) enhanced by slow injections (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Complex-conductivity monitoring to delineate aquifer pore clogging during nanoparticles injection

Flores-Orozco

Micić

Bücker

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARYLaboratory and field studies have demonstrated the applicability of nanoparticles (NP) for accelerated contaminant degradation. Beside other limitations (e.g. costs, delivery, longevity, non-target specific reactions), concerns of regulators arose regarding toxicity of injected NP and particles delivered off-target (i.e. renegade particles). Renegade particles also significantly reduce the efficiency of the remediation. The delivery of particles off-target is caused, mainly, by unintended fracking, where the fractures act then as preferential flow paths changing the trajectory of the particles. Hence, the real-time monitoring of particle injection is of major importance to verify correct particle delivery and thus help to optimize the remediation strategy. However, to date NP monitoring techniques rely on the analysis of soil and water samples, which cannot provide information about clogging or the formation of fractures away of the sampling points. To overcome these limitations, in this study we investigate the applicability of complex-conductivity imaging (CCI), a geophysical electrical method, to characterize possible pore clogging and fracking during NP injections. We hypothesize that both processes are related to different electrical footprints, considering the loss of porosity during clogging and the accumulation of NP in areas away of the target after fracking. Here, we present CCI results for data collected before and during the injection of Nano-Goethite particles (NGP) applied to enhance biodegradation of a BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) contaminant plume. Imaging results for background data revealed consistency with the known lithology, while overall high electrical conductivity values and a negligible induced-polarization magnitude correspond with the expected response of a mature hydrocarbon plume. Monitoring images revealed a general increase (∼15 per cent) in the electrical conductivity due to the injected NGP suspension in agreement with geochemical data. Furthermore, abrupt changes in this trend, shortly before daylighting events, show the sensitivity of the method to pore clogging. Such interpretation is in line with the larger variations in CCI resolved in the unsaturated zone, clearly indicating the accumulation of renegade NGP close to the surface due to fracking. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the CCI method for the assessment of pore clogging accompanying particles injection.

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“…The accumulation of particles away from its initial target has been previously reported for field-scale particles injection (e.g. Flores Orozco et al 2015;Luna et al 2015).…”

Section: Electrical Monitoring Images Evidence Fracking Following Parmentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex-conductivity monitoring to delineate aquifer pore clogging during nanoparticles injection

Flores-Orozco

Micić

Bücker

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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“…NZVI-biopolymer stabilization and degradation of environmental pollutants Table 1 summarizes comparative results of different biopolymers used for the stabilization of NZVI and their efficiencies towards the degradation of the pollutants. 16,35,43,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Extensive studies have demonstrated that both polymers and surfactants are effective in inhibiting NZVI aggregation and enhancing mobility in the subsurface for emplacement. The major factors which inuence stabilization of NZVI, namely surface modi-cation, emulsication and conjugation with polymer, have also proved able to provide protection to NZVI against aggregation and surface oxidation, in addition to promoting transport in subsurface environments.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gum karaya (Sterculia urens) stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles: characterization and applications for the removal of chromium and volatile organic pollutants from water

et al. 2017

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This paper illustrates a method for the stabilization of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) suspensions with a "green" biopolymer, Gum Karaya (GK). The stability, sedimentation, aggregation behavior and reactivity towards Cr(VI) and volatile organic compounds using NZVI-GK (GK stabilized NZVI) and bare NZVI, were assessed. The stabilization mechanism of NZVI-GK was demonstrated using ATR-FTIR, XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, TGA and particle size analysis. The NZVI-GK nanoparticle suspension was found to be stable for at least three months, suggesting a superior stability rendering property of GK which forms a scaffold to prevent NZVI from aggregating. Batch experiments, centred on Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of volatile organic compounds, confirmed that NZVI-GK was more reactive than bare NZVI. Furthermore, XPS and ICP-MS results revealed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by NZVI-GK and the remaining Cr(III) insolution was adsorbed onto GK, thereby completely removing chromium from the contaminated water.Our study suggests that an important role is played due to the attributes of GK (which include nontoxicity, biodegradability and cost-effectiveness) in conjunction with the ability of NZVI to remove all chromium viz. [Cr(VI) and Cr(III)] coupled with the total degradation and removal of VOCs (cis-1,2-dichloroethene, perchloroethene and trichloroethene) from water.

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“…As a consequence of this behavior, biopolymers can be used both to prevent particle sedimentation during the storage of the suspension and to contain the pressure build-up during the injection [29][30][31][32]. This aspect is crucial in the case of particle delivery through a permeation approach, when an excessive pressure increase during the injection phase may lead to a potential fracturing of the porous medium and a consequent formation of preferential flow paths for particle migration [1,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection of Zerovalent Iron Gels for Aquifer Nanoremediation: Lab Experiments and Modeling

Mondino

Piscitello

Bianco

et al. 2020

Water

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One of the main technical problems faced during field-scale injections of iron microparticles (mZVI) for groundwater nanoremediation is related to their poor colloidal stability and mobility in porous media. In this study, a shear-thinning gel, composed of a mixture of two environmentally friendly biopolymers, i.e., guar gum and xanthan gum, was employed to overcome these limitations. The slurry rheology and particle mobility were characterized by column transport tests. Then, a radial transport experiment was performed to mimic the particle delivery in more realistic conditions. The gel, even at a low polymeric content (1.75 g/L), proved effective in enhancing the mobility of high concentrated mZVI suspensions (20 g/L) in field-like conditions. The high radius of influence (73 cm) and homogeneous iron distribution were achieved by maintaining a low injection overpressure (<0.4 bar). Based only on the information derived from column tests, the MNMs 2018 software (Micro- and Nanoparticle transport, filtration, and clogging Model-Suite) was able to predict the particle distribution and pressure build-up measured in the radial domain. Experimental and simulated results showed good agreement, thus proving that a simplified experimental-modeling procedure based on 1D column tests could be used to effectively upscale the slurry behavior to more representative scales, e.g., radial domains.

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Pressure-controlled injection of guar gum stabilized microscale zerovalent iron for groundwater remediation

Cited by 38 publications

References 67 publications

Complex-conductivity monitoring to delineate aquifer pore clogging during nanoparticles injection

Complex-conductivity monitoring to delineate aquifer pore clogging during nanoparticles injection

Gum karaya (Sterculia urens) stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles: characterization and applications for the removal of chromium and volatile organic pollutants from water

Injection of Zerovalent Iron Gels for Aquifer Nanoremediation: Lab Experiments and Modeling

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