Pressure carbonization of polyethylene-polyvinylchloride mixtures

Synthesis and properties of carbon nanospheres grown by CVD using Kaolin supported transition metal catalysts

“…The central magnetic field is 3300 G. Co and Ni) as catalysts. Large quantities of carbon spheres can be produced with these catalysts at temperature much lower than those described earlier [33][34][35][36]. There are five principal species within the Kaolin group, namely, kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite and metahalloysite [39][40][41].…”

“…These spheres have an average diameter of $210 nm. Carbon spheres with sizes of 1-10 lm were found in carbon black generated from the carbonization of polyethylene-poly-(vinyl chloride) in a sealed gold tube under a pressure of 30 MPa [35] and in carbon vapor from the decomposition of b-SiC powder [36]. Carbon spheres of 20-500 lm are found as a side product in the synthesis of fullerene by the deposition of gaseous carbon in flowing helium (33 mbar) at 2500-2600°C without catalysis [37].…”

Influence of Iron Catalyst in the Carbon Spheres Synthesis for Energy and Electrochemical Applications

“…It is also possible to add a metal catalyst in the reaction for lessening the growth conditions, favor the dissociation of the carbon precursor and the formation of the graphene sheets that will constitute the CSs. [14] The CSs are synthesized using a catalytic carbonization of methane over rare earth metal oxides or iron at a temperature higher than 1000 °C, [15] or using high pressure processes (30 MPa), like the carbonization of polyethylenepoly(vinyl chloride), [16] and in carbon vapor from the decomposition of b-SiC powder. [17] Ferrocene as catalyst and different carbon precursors have been used in CVD operating at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1000 °C.…”

Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review

“…Nowadays, choosing environmentally friendly materials, simple method, with high production, and economic are important issue in commercialization of these type of carbon nanostructures. In compare to CNT and CNF, research on CNS is relatively few in number [132,133].…”