Pressure and Temperature Changes inIn VitroApplications with the Laser and Their Implications for Middle Ear Surgery

Abstract

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal and pressure effects using a Titan Sapphire chirped-pulse amplifier system configured to deliver ultrashort pulses of 180 femtoseconds (fs) in an inner ear model. Materials and Methods. Temperature increases and heat exchange processes in the fluid (physiological saline) were examined in a calorically and physiologically approximated cochlea model for applying laser parameters effective in the creation of footplate perforations. Results. In the effective energy density range, the highest temperature increases achieved with the Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser were about 11 degrees C. The lowest temperature maxima were 6 degrees C with the Er:YAG laser (Yttrium-Aluminum-Oxide doted with Erbium3+-ions) and <5 degrees C with the femtosecond laser. Comparison of the laser-induced pressure with the limit graph published by Pfander indicated that the use of the fs laser is unobjectionable for fluences <1 J/cm2. Conclusions. Our investigations demonstrated that the application of the fs laser in middle ear surgery presents a new and promising addition to the range of ultrashort wavelength lasers used for this purpose.

Flexible Fiber Optic Carbon-Dioxide Laser Assisted Stapedotomy in Otosclerosis

“…They reported that laser stapedotomy had significantly better hearing outcome [ 17 ]. However, thermal effects to the inner ear and associated vestibular symptoms have been subject of discussions [ 18 ]. Vestibular function after laser assisted stapedotomy has been less studied.…”