Preslaughter handling and slaughter of meat animals

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-924-4

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…To be fit for transport, a pig must be able to stand, bear weight on all of its legs, and be able to adjust footing to maintain balance during the journey. The pig must also be able to walk up and down ramps at the start and the end of the journey (Faucitano and Raj, 2022).…”

Section: ○ Conditions Leading To Pigs Being Unfit For Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…respiratory disorders can reduce exercise tolerance and capacity to deal with heat. Emaciated or weak animals may have reduced ability to obtain feed and water, are more susceptible to the combined effects of fasting and cold exposure and less able to respond to other animals and events affecting their stability (Faucitano and Raj, 2022). In addition, during transport, a diseased animal may feel ill (e.g.…”

Section: ○ Conditions Leading To Pigs Being Unfit For Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pigs unable to move or keep balance, showing respiratory distress, prolapsed uterus or rectum, profuse and continuous bleeding, in late pregnancy, or having just given birth, should not be loaded for transport as these poor health conditions make them weak and with less chance to cope with extended feed deprivation and to move away from aggression. In addition, the animals will be more likely to lose balance due to sudden stops or accelerations or changes of direction of the transport vehicle (Faucitano and Raj, 2022). Based on data collected in a survey of more than 300 loads transported to three Brazilian slaughterhouses, Dalla Costa et al (2019) reported that of the 0.38% pigs identified as nonambulatory after transport, half of them were already in this condition at the farm before loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of pigs during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of pigs during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 10 welfare consequences were identified as highly relevant for the welfare of pigs during transport based on the severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified, mainly relating to factors such as mixing of unfamiliar pigs, inappropriate handling methods and devices, the use of pick-up pens, inexperienced/untrained handlers, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport of pigs. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences are made. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and minimum space allowance within means of transport. The development of the welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of cull sows and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.

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Section: ○ Conditions Leading To Pigs Being Unfit For Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ○ Conditions Leading To Pigs Being Unfit For Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of pigs during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with the protection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) during transport. The main focus is on welfare of sheep during transport by road but other means of transport and concerns for welfare of goats during transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of sheep during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of sheep during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, predation stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A wide variety of hazards, mainly relating to inappropriate or aggressive handling of animals, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices, leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time were assessed in relation to maximum journey time. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to the export of sheep by livestock vessels, export of sheep by road, roll-on-roll-off vessels and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.

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Welfare of sheep and goats during killing for purposes other than slaughter

Nielsen,

Alvarez,

Bicout

et al. 2024

EFS2

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Sheep and goats of different ages may have to be killed on‐farm for purposes other than slaughter (where slaughter is defined as killing for human consumption) either individually (i.e. on‐farm killing of unproductive, injured or terminally ill animals) or on a large scale (i.e. depopulation for disease control purposes and for other situations, such as environmental contamination and disaster management) outside the slaughterhouses. The purpose of this opinion was to assess the hazards and welfare consequences associated with the on‐farm killing of sheep and goats. The whole killing procedure was divided into Phase 1 (pre‐killing) – that included the processes (i) handling and moving the animals to the killing place and (ii) restraint of the animals before application of the killing methods and Phase 2 – that included stunning and killing of the animals. The killing methods for sheep and goats were grouped into three categories: (1) mechanical, (2) electrical and (3) lethal injection. Welfare consequences that sheep and goats may experience during each process were identified (e.g. handling stress, restriction of movements and tissue lesions during restraint) and animal‐based measures (ABMs) to assess them were proposed. During application of the killing method, sheep and goats will experience pain and fear if they are ineffectively stunned or if they recover consciousness. ABMs related to the state of consciousness can be used to indirectly assess pain and fear. Flowcharts including ABMs for consciousness specific to each killing method were included in the opinion. Possible welfare hazards were identified for each process, together with their origin and related preventive and corrective measures. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, ABMs, origins, preventive and corrective measures were developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences were proposed.

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Preslaughter handling and slaughter of meat animals

Cited by 9 publications

References 180 publications

Welfare of pigs during transport

Welfare of pigs during transport

Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Welfare of sheep and goats during killing for purposes other than slaughter

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