Presidential Powers and Response to COVID-19

Gostin, Lawrence O.; Hodge, James G.; Wiley, Lindsay F.

doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4335

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Primarily, some countries started a non‐invasive temperature/symptoms screening for travellers coming from China and/or endemic areas [23]. Subsequently, these measures were escalated to include extreme quarantine with closure of large cities, banning international travel, restraining citizens to their homes, and school shutdowns, with some countries declaring a state of national emergency [14,17,24]. Furthermore, mass gathering events were cancelled or postponed including religious, sporting, musical and even medical conferences (including the European Association of Urology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Association of Urology annual meetings) [22,25].…”

Section: Global Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature

et al. 2020

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Objective To discuss the impact of COVID‐19 on global health, particularly on urological practice and to review some of the available recommendations reported in the literature. Material and Methods In the current narrative review the PubMed database was searched to identify all the related reports discussing the impact of COVID‐19 on the urological field. Results The COVID‐19 pandemic is the latest and biggest global health threat. Medical and surgical priorities have changed dramatically to cope with the current challenge. These changes include postponements of all elective outpatient visits and surgical procedures to save facilities and resources for urgent cases and patients with COVID‐19 patients. This review discuss some of the related changes in urology. Conclusions Over the coming weeks, healthcare workers including urologists will be facing increasingly difficult challenges, and consequently, they should adopt triage strategy to avoid wasting of medical resources and they should endorse sufficient protection policies to guard against infection when dealing with COVID‐19 patients.

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Section: Global Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature

et al. 2020

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“…For detailed medical studies on COVID-19, and government efforts to deal with the disease, see [1] Paules, Marston, and Fauci (2020), [2] del Rio and Malani (2020), [3] Parodi and Liu (2020), [4] Wang, Ng, and Brook (2020), [5] Wu and McCoogan (2020), [6] Sharfstein, Becker, and Mello (2020), [7] Wu, Chen, Cai et al (2020), [8] Hoopman, Allegranzi, and Mehtar (2020), [9] Gostin, Hodge Jr., Wiley (2020), [10] Merchant and Lurie (2020), and [11] Yu, Ouyang, Chua et al (2020), among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Global Health Security Indexes for Risk Analysis of COVID-19

Chang

McAleer

2020

IJERPH

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Given the volume of research and discussion on the health, medical, economic, financial, political, and travel advisory aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, it is essential to enquire if an outbreak of the epidemic might have been anticipated, given the well-documented history of SARS and MERS, among other infectious diseases. If various issues directly related to health security risks could have been predicted accurately, public health and medical contingency plans might have been prepared and activated in advance of an epidemic such as COVID-19. This paper evaluates an important source of health security, the Global Health Security Index (2019), which provided data before the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate how countries might have been prepared for a global epidemic, or pandemic, and acted accordingly in an effective and timely manner. The GHS index numerical scores are calculated as the arithmetic (AM), geometric (GM), and harmonic (HM) means of six categories, where AM uses equal weights for each category. The GHS Index scores are regressed on the numerical score rankings of the six categories to check if the use of equal weights of 0.167 in the calculation of the GHS Index using AM is justified, with GM and HM providing a check of the robustness of the arithmetic mean. The highest weights are determined to be around 0.244-0.246, while the lowest weights are around 0.186-0.187 for AM. The ordinal GHS Index is regressed on the ordinal rankings of the six categories to check for the optimal weights in the calculation of the ordinal Global Health Security (GHS) Index, where the highest weight is 0.368, while the lowest is 0.142, so the estimated results are wider apart than for the numerical score rankings. Overall, Rapid Response and Detection and Reporting have the largest impacts on the GHS Index score, whereas Risk Environment and Prevention have the smallest effects. The quantitative and qualitative results are different when GM and HM are used.Among the 140 questions, the GHS Index "prioritizes not only countries' capacities, but also the existence of functional, tested, proven capabilities for stopping outbreaks at the source" (https: //www.ghsindex.org/about/#About-the-Index-Project-Team).The questions are organized across the following six categories:Notes: * denotes significance at 1%; 195 observations; PR = Prevention, DR = Detection and Reporting, RR = Rapid Response, HS = Health System, CO = Compliance, RE = Risk Environment, AO = Average, Overall. GM is the geometric mean GHS score, and HM is the harmonic mean GHS score.Notes: * denotes significance at 1%; 195 observations; PR = Prevention, DR = Detection and Reporting, RR = Rapid Response, HS = Health System, CO = Compliance, RE = Risk Environment, AO = Average, Overall. GM is the geometric mean GHS score, and HM is the harmonic mean GHS score.

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“…Each US state varies considerably across a number of important axes: wealth, access to healthcare, number of international travelers, age distribution, population density, among other factors (Chin et al 2020). In addition, much of the response to COVID-19 has been done at the state, as opposed to federal, government level in the US (Adolph et al 2020, Gostin et al 2020. We examined three hypotheses to explain the state-level variation in COVID-19 trajectories: human demographics, wealth and education indicators, and governmental interventions.…”

Section: Predictors Of Overall State-level Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-level variation of initial COVID-19 dynamics in the United States: The role of local government interventions

White

2020

Preprint

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During an epidemic, metrics such as R 0 , doubling time, and case fatality rates are important in understanding and predicting the course of an epidemic. However, if collected over country or regional scales, these metrics hide important smaller-scale, local dynamics. We examine how commonly used epidemiological metrics differ for each individual state within the United States during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. We found that the case number, and trajectory of cases, differs considerably between states. We show that early non-pharmaceutical, government actions, were the most important determinant of epidemic dynamics. In particular, restricting restaurant operations was correlated with increased doubling times. Although individual states are clearly not independent, they can serve as small, natural experiments in how different demographic patterns and government responses can impact the course of an epidemic.

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Presidential Powers and Response to COVID-19

Cited by 72 publications

References 1 publication

COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature

COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature

Alternative Global Health Security Indexes for Risk Analysis of COVID-19

State-level variation of initial COVID-19 dynamics in the United States: The role of local government interventions

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