President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Jadeja, Siddharth; Pai, Girish K; Bhat, Krishnamurthy; Sathyanarayana, Muddukrishna Badamane

doi:10.5530/srp.2018.1.2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…First, there was a breakthrough in generic antiretroviral treatments that reduced the number of pills per day and the costs of treatment. Second, the United States established the Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief to financially contribute to the worldwide treatment of HIV . Third, the WHO launched the “3 by 5”‐programme that aimed to treat three million HIV‐positive individuals by 2005 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV, antiretroviral therapy and non‐communicable diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa: empirical evidence from 44 countries over the period 2000 to 2016

et al. 2019

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Introduction The HIV‐infected population is growing due to the increased accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that extends the lifespan of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We aimed to assess whether national HIV prevalence and ART use are associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Using country‐level data, we analysed the effect of HIV prevalence and use of ART on cardiovascular risk factors in 44 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2016. We used fixed‐effects estimation to quantify the effect of HIV and ART on the prevalence of diabetes, mean body mass index, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension, and mean systolic blood pressure. The models were adjusted for calendar time, the age structure of the population, income and education. Results Diabetes prevalence among PLHIV was 5.8 percentage points higher (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 pp to 9.8 pp) compared to individuals without HIV. People receiving ART had a 4.6 percentage point higher prevalence (95% CI 2.6 pp to 6.6 pp). The prevalence of obesity was increased by 14.7 percentage points (95% CI 2.5 pp to 26.9 pp) for PLHIV. Receiving ART was associated with an increased obesity prevalence by 14.0 percentage points (95% CI 4.8 pp to 23.2 pp), whereas it had no significant association with the prevalence of overweight. The population aged 40 to 59 had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, overweight and obesity. HIV prevalence and ART use had no significant association with the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions An ageing HIV‐infected population on ART is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity in sub‐Saharan Africa. The increasing prevalence of these cardiovascular risk factors emphasizes the need for comprehensive healthcare programmes that screen and treat both HIV and non‐communicable diseases to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV, antiretroviral therapy and non‐communicable diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa: empirical evidence from 44 countries over the period 2000 to 2016

et al. 2019

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“…Early detection of abdomino-pelvic injuries is important because usually these patients simultaneously have distracting injuries that may confound physical examination of physicians. Likewise, in certain cases, the patient loses his/her level of consciousness or consumes alcohol or other psychoactive drugs which the confound the reliable examination (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Medicine Service Can Interpret Abdomino-Pelvic Ct Scans With Close to the Same Accuracy as Radiology Service

2020

jcr

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Background: Interpreting abdomino-pelvic Computed Tomography (CT) scanning is substantially important in clinical decision making for emergency medicine (EM) physicians in Emergency department, where radiologist's report is not available all the time. The current research aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of EM physicians in the interpretation of abdomino-pelvic CT scan in trauma patients. Material and Methods:This observational study carried out at a teaching hospital in 2018. The results of abdomino-pelvic CT scans of patients admitted to Emergency Department with abdomino-pelvic trauma, interpreted by EM and radiology physicians were compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and the diagnostic accuracy of EM service interpretation were calculated. kappa coefficient (κ) was obtained to examine the level of concurrence. Results: A total of Six hundred ninety-nine patients (mean age 34.54; 11% female, %89 male) enrolled. Totally, 183 positive (abnormal) findings were reported by EM physicians, including 170 true positive and 13 false positive. Out of 516 negative reporting, 494 were true negative and 22 were false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of emergency medicine service interpretation were %88.54, %97.44, %95.00, %92.90, and %95.74, respectively. A high agreement level was found between interpretation of EM and radiology services. Conclusion: The results showed that EM physicians' qualification on of abdomino-pelvis CT scan interpretation is considerable, and they can act on their own judgment and independent from radiologist report, when they are not available. Yet, because of some misinterpretation, more systematic training of abdomino-pelvis CT scan interpretation is needed to optimize the accuracy of the EM physicians.

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“…In 2003, President Bush's Emergency Presidential AIDS Relief Plan (PEPFAR) consolidated the American global leadership in the pharmaceutical market after securing domestic supply 18 .…”

Section: Contemporary Construction Of American Nationalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A influência da resposta dos EUA à COVID-19 no contexto da Saúde Global

Leineweber

Bermudez

2021

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resumo A resposta americana à pandemia envolve um proeminente volume de recursos federais, em especial destinados ao desenvolvimento e aquisição de produtos no uso interno, como diagnósticos ou vacinas. As justificativas para esse desembolso se baseiam em mecanismos de investimentos e aspectos históricos. Assim, a construção social do nacionalismo na formação na sociedade americana prejudica o acesso a tecnologias em saúde. A revisão desses aspectos demonstra como os Estados Unidos (EUA) garantiram compra de grande quantitativo de produtos em potencial, inclusive assegurando excessiva produção local. Essa política externa unilateral tem influenciado outros países ou blocos regionais e prejudicado a cooperação e a solidariedade global com impacto na saúde coletiva de diversas nações.

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President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

HIV, antiretroviral therapy and non‐communicable diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa: empirical evidence from 44 countries over the period 2000 to 2016

HIV, antiretroviral therapy and non‐communicable diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa: empirical evidence from 44 countries over the period 2000 to 2016

Emergency Medicine Service Can Interpret Abdomino-Pelvic Ct Scans With Close to the Same Accuracy as Radiology Service

A influência da resposta dos EUA à COVID-19 no contexto da Saúde Global

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