Preservation of the cultural legacy of the indigenous Sami in northern forest reserves – Present shortcomings and future possibilities

Östlund, Lars; Norstedt, Gudrun

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119726

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We used stand age data from the Comprehensive Forest Inventory 21 to estimate the timing and spatial extent of stand-replacing disturbances within 50 and 100 km of the aerosol sampling station ( 124 ). Consistent with the broader forest history in northern Fennoscandia ( 122 ), we found two peak periods of canopy conversions, first in the mid-1800s and later in the 1980s (fig. S13).…”

Section: Land Use and Forest Historysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Forests have been a dominant, continuous presence in northern Fennoscandia since shortly after the last glacial maximum. Until the 19 th century, the indigenous Sami people were the majority inhabitants of the region and primarily engaged in reindeer pastoralism, hunting, fishing, and low-intensity agriculture ( 121, 122 ). Colonization by Swedish and Finnish-speaking agriculturalists began by the early 17 th century, but demographic and land use changes occurred slowly until the second half of the 19 th century ( 121 ) or as recently as the 1880s around Kiruna ( 123 ).…”

Section: Land Use and Forest Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne eDNA captures three decades of ecosystem biodiversity

Sullivan,

Karlsson,

Svensson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Conserving biodiversity is a global imperative, yet our capacity to quantify and understand species occurrences has been limited. To help address this challenge, we develop a novel monitoring approach based on deep sequencing of airborne eDNA. When applied to a 34-year archive of weekly filters from an aerosol sampling station in northern Sweden, our methods enabled robust detection of over 2,700 genera across all domains of life and estimates of eDNA catchment areas. Reconstructed time series revealed regional biodiversity declines consistent with contemporary, large-scale transformations of forest composition and structure. Our results show airborne eDNA can reliably monitor biodiversity and underscore the immense latent potential in the thousands of aerosol monitoring stations deployed worldwide.One-Sentence SummaryDNA captured from air reveals organisms from all domains of life and their long-term trends.

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Section: Land Use and Forest Historysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Land Use and Forest Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne eDNA captures three decades of ecosystem biodiversity

Sullivan,

Karlsson,

Svensson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This region is inhabited by the historically marginalized indigenous Sámi people who have been herding reindeers in these areas for centuries. Many Sámi people have traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle, moving between settlements for summer and winter pastures, and used the natural environment around settlements for timber extraction and firewood collection ( Östlund and Norstedt 2021 ). The region was undergoing the process of developing ecosystem-based adaptation strategies (which can include restoration and conservation to improve services that protect against climate change) and aimed to take Sámi values and desires into consideration when developing land-use plans.…”

Section: How the Socioeconomic Context Affects Equity And Effectivene...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Social Considerations Improve the Equity and Effectiveness of Ecosystem Restoration

et al. 2022

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Ecosystem restoration is an important means to address global sustainability challenges. However, scientific and policy discourse often overlooks the social processes that influence the equity and effectiveness of restoration interventions. In the present article, we outline how social processes that are critical to restoration equity and effectiveness can be better incorporated in restoration science and policy. Drawing from existing case studies, we show how projects that align with local people's preferences and are implemented through inclusive governance are more likely to lead to improved social, ecological, and environmental outcomes. To underscore the importance of social considerations in restoration, we overlay existing global restoration priority maps, population, and the Human Development Index (HDI) to show that approximately 1.4 billion people, disproportionately belonging to groups with low HDI, live in areas identified by previous studies as being of high restoration priority. We conclude with five action points for science and policy to promote equity-centered restoration.

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“…Reindeer husbandry is practiced in ~50% of the country and overlaps with forestry, which results in conflict of interest between traditional indigenous land use and modern industrial forestry (Horstkotte & Moen, 2019). Commercial forestry on a larger scale started with some selective cutting of large trees in the south‐central parts in the 18th century and harvest of trees for charcoal in the region of Bergslagen, central Sweden, followed by a northward expanding timber frontier during the 19th century (Östlund & Norstedt, 2021; Östlund et al, 1997). The high‐grading of large timber trees in old‐growth and multi‐layered forests was followed by a period of uneven‐aged forestry and was then gradually replaced by even‐aged forestry at around the mid‐20th century (Lundmark et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple drivers of large‐scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies

Esseen

Ekström

Grafström

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Thin, hair-like lichens (Alectoria, Bryoria, Usnea) form conspicuous epiphyte communities across the boreal biome. These poikilohydric organisms provide important ecosystem functions and are useful indicators of global change. We analyse how environmental drivers influence changes in occurrence and length of these lichens on Norway spruce (Picea abies) over 10 years in managed forests in Sweden using data from >6000 trees. Alectoria and Usnea showed strong declines in southern-central regions, whereas Bryoria declined in northern regions. Overall, relative loss rates across the country ranged from 1.7% per year in Alectoria to 0.5% in Bryoria. These losses contrasted with increased length of Bryoria and Usnea in some regions. Occurrence trajectories (extinction, colonization, presence, absence) on remeasured trees correlated best with temperature, rain, nitrogen deposition, and stand age in multinomial logistic regression models. Our analysis strongly suggests that industrial forestry, in combination with nitrogen, is the main driver of lichen declines. Logging of forests with long continuity of tree cover, short rotation cycles, substrate limitation and low light in dense forests are harmful for lichens. Nitrogen deposition has decreased but is apparently still sufficiently high to prevent recovery. Warming correlated with occurrence trajectories of Alectoria and Bryoria, likely by altering hydration regimes and increasing respiration during autumn/winter. The large-scale lichen decline on an important host has cascading effects on biodiversity and function of boreal forest canopies. Forest management must apply a broad spectrum of methods, including uneven-aged continuous cover forestry and retention of large patches, to secure the ecosystem functions of these important canopy components under future climates.Our findings highlight interactions among drivers of lichen decline (forestry, nitrogen, climate), functional traits (dispersal, lichen colour, sensitivity to nitrogen, water storage), and population processes (extinction/colonization).

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Preservation of the cultural legacy of the indigenous Sami in northern forest reserves – Present shortcomings and future possibilities

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Airborne eDNA captures three decades of ecosystem biodiversity

Airborne eDNA captures three decades of ecosystem biodiversity

How Social Considerations Improve the Equity and Effectiveness of Ecosystem Restoration

Multiple drivers of large‐scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies

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