Preservation of resin–dentin interfaces treated with benzalkonium chloride adhesive blends

Abstract

Reducing collagen degradation within hybrid layers may contribute to the preservation of adhesive interfaces. This study evaluated the stability of resin-dentin interfaces treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-modified adhesive blends and assessed collagen degradation in dentin matrices treated with BAC. The etch-and-rinse adhesive, Adper Single Bond Plus, modified with 0.5% and 1.0% BAC, was evaluated for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) after 24 h and 1 yr. Thirty completely demineralized dentin beams from human molars were dipped for 60 s in deionized water (DW; control), or in 0.5% or 1.0% BAC, and then incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF). Collagen degradation was assessed by quantification of the dry mass loss and the amount of hydroxyproline (HYP) released from hydrolyzed specimens after 1 or 4 wk. Although all groups demonstrated a significant increase in NL after 1 yr, adhesive modified with 0.5% BAC showed stable bond strength after 1 yr (9% decrease) relative to the control (44% decrease). Significantly less HYP release and dry mass loss were observed for both 0.5% and 1.0% BAC relative to the control. This in vitro study demonstrates that BAC contributes to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds for up to 1 yr by reducing collagen degradation.

Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability—A literature review

“…The use of BAC as anti-proteolytic agent has gained attention only recently. The long-term survival of adhesive interfaces created with etchand-rinse adhesive systems, which have been treated with various concentrations of BAC, has been investigated only recently with encouraging results [110,111].…”

Effect of benzalkonium chloride on dentin bond strength and endogenous enzymatic activity

“…Beams were tested after 24 h (T0) and storage in artificial saliva at 37°C for 12 months (T12). The artificial saliva consisted of CaCl 2 (0.7 mmoles/L), MgCl 2 6H 2 O (0.2 mmoles/L), KH 2 PO 4 (4.0 mmoles/L), KCl (30 mmoles/L), NaN 3 (0.3 mmoles/L) in HEPES buffer [29]. After storage, a simplified universal testing machine (Bisco Inc.) was used to stress the bonded beams to failure at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.…”

Quaternary ammonium compounds in dental restorative materials

“…And then, they also incorporated DMADDM and NAg into above adhesive system for the first time, and got excellent antimicrobial property without compromising the dentin bond strength 12) . Similarly, Sabatini et al [55][56][57] performed a study that incorporating of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) to an adhesive system which could protect hybrid layer, inhibit endogenous dentin proteolytic activity, reduce the degradation of collagen, and improve the bond strength.…”

“…The antibacterial effect against two E. faecalis strains (ATCC and an endodontic isolate) were assessed, and results had shown that addition of QPEI nanoparticles improved the killing ability of PCS against biofilms of both E. faecalis strains and the effects of AH Plus on the biomass of biofilms from the ATCC strain. Moreover, there were no relevant changes in physicochemical and 95) quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine QPEI unpolymerizable composite resin 24) , endodontic materials [89][90][91] quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate QADM/IMQ polymerizable composite resin [25][26][27]32) , adhesive system 42) 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide MAE-DB polymerizable composite resin 28,29) 2-methacryloxylethyl hexadecyl methyl ammonium bromide MAE-HB polymerizable composite resin 28,29) 2-Dimethyl-2-dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine DDMAI polymerizable composite resin 30) quaternary ammonium methacrylate QAM polymerizable composite resin 31) , adhesive system 5,53,54) 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine MPC polymerizable composite resin 33) dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate DMADDM polymerizable adhesive system [43][44][45] quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer QAMP unpolymerizable adhesive system [46][47][48] methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride DMAE-CB polymerizable adhesive system [49][50][51][52] benzalkonium chloride BAC unpolymerizable adhesive system [55][56][57] , glass ionomer cement 73,74) , endodontic materials 87) poly-2-methacry...…”