Preservation of Normal Cortical Vasculature in Ischaemic Renal Failure in the Dog

Best, Jonathan G.; Lavender, J. P.; Russell, S. B.; Sherwood, Thomas

doi:10.1159/000180601

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Following insult, OM and IM of the left kidney in groups 2, 3, and 4 were evidently damaged, which resulted in decrease or loss of the urinary concentration capacity of the renal tubule and collecting duct. There was no evidence of damage in the renal cortex (29–31). Medullary hypoxic injury is characterized by necrosis of tubules that are most remote from vessels; the renal medulla is most susceptible to anoxia (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Functional evaluation of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury in dog kidney by combining MR diffusion‐weighted imaging and Gd‐DTPA enhanced first‐pass perfusion

Liu¹,

Xie²

2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To evaluate functional alterations of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury using MR diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic perfusion imaging. Materials and Methods:Twelve dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Animal renal ischemia was respectively induced for 30 (group 1), 60 (group 2), 90 (group 3), and 120 (group 4) minutes by left renal artery ligation under anesthesia. Using a 1.5 T MR system, true-FISP, TSE, EPI, and DWI sequences were acquired in five different periods; specifically, pre-ischemia, onset-ischemia, late ischemia, onset-reperfusion, and post-reperfusion. Moreover, a turbo-FLASH sequence (TR/TE/TI/FA ϭ 5.8/3.2/ 400 msec/10°) with a temporal resolution of 1.16 seconds was acquired. Signal intensity (SI) was measured in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla of kidney. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated, and SI was plotted as a function of time. Results:In all animals, significant SI changes of the left kidney on T2/T2*WI were detected following ischemia-reperfusion insult compared to corresponding values of the right kidney. Following ligation, the ADC values decreased in all layers of the left kidney. Immediately after the release of ligation, ADC values in both outer and inner medulla of the left kidney remained lower than those of the right kidney in those animals which were induced with renal ischemia for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. In all groups, a uniphasic enhancement pattern was observed in the outer and inner medulla of the left kidney, accompanied by a decrease of the area under the curve. Conclusion:Our results suggest that MR diffusionweighted imaging and dynamic perfusion imaging are useful in identifying renal dysfunction following normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Functional evaluation of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury in dog kidney by combining MR diffusion‐weighted imaging and Gd‐DTPA enhanced first‐pass perfusion

Liu¹,

Xie²

2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…This no longer seems likely since outer cortical is chaemia does not appear to be the universal and dominant lesion in ARF it had been thought in the human [9], Over a whole range of experimental ARF models cortical blood flow can be normal or only midly impaired. Thus, in post-ischaemic ARF in the dog [1,6], and in post-ischaemic, glycerol and mercuric chloride-induced ARF in the rat [5,10,12], such slight impairment offers no explanation for renal failure. It is possible that saline load ing involves an extrarenal mechanism for its protective effect, for instance extracellular volume expansion [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intravenous Urography in Experimental Acute Renal Failure

Sherwood¹,

Evans²

1978

Nephron

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We studied renal opacification during intravenous urography in 20 rats subjected to glycerol-induced acute renal failure, with and without prior saline loading. Animals drinking saline suffered less severe renal impairment (mean plasma creatinine 175 µmol/l) than those drinking tap water (mean 341 µmol/l). Nephrograms occurred during intravenous urography in 19 rats at all levels of renal impairment, but were only followed by pyelograms in 8 with mild plasma creatinine elevation (mean 84 µmol/l). The occurrence of a pyelogram was determined not by whether an animal was drinking saline or tap water, but only by the level of renal impairment. The presence of the nephrogram throughout the range of functional impairment in acute renal failure argues against glomerular filtration as the principal route by which contrast medium reaches the nephron to produce this clinically very useful sign.

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“…In the first place, it is underscored that neither the outer cortical tubules, nor the cortical vessels, nor the glomerules display necrosis or the lesions usually associated with hypoperfusions [28]. Secondly, estimates of cortical flow after ischemia in a variety of experimental models have shown it to be normal or only slightly reduced [29][30][31][32][33]. Thirdly, these models have also shown that the flow to the juxtamedullary glomerules and hence the medullary circulation are more impaired (10-35%) than in the cortex (65-85%) [14, 19, 28, 34.…”

Section: Medullary Vascular Damage In Ischemic a Rfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Oxygen Free Radicals in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure

Canavese

Stratta

Vercellone

1988

Nephron

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One of the more glaring paradoxes of ischemic acute renal failure is that such injury appears to be worse in the kidney as opposed to other organs, even thouth the kidney is the best oxygenated. An answer can be deduced from the anatomical and physiological background, together with a reappraisal of the role of medullary vascular damage and recent evidence of the importance of the postischemic component of ischemic injury, which is mediated by oxygen free radicals. As far as oxygenation is concerned, the kidney’s Achilles heel is the tubules of the outer strip of the outer medulla, which are also those that have the most metabolic activity. It is here that ischemic injury begins, and is maintained and exacerbated in the postischemic stage by the free radicals. These are produced by the kidney in large quantities, since it has all the necessary chemical ingredients available. It is therefore readily understandable why the kidney, being the best oxygenated organ, is so sensitive to an ischemic insult, since the damage caused in the postischemic stage is increased the greater the amount of oxygen brought in by reperfusion.

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Preservation of Normal Cortical Vasculature in Ischaemic Renal Failure in the Dog

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Functional evaluation of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury in dog kidney by combining MR diffusion‐weighted imaging and Gd‐DTPA enhanced first‐pass perfusion

Functional evaluation of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury in dog kidney by combining MR diffusion‐weighted imaging and Gd‐DTPA enhanced first‐pass perfusion

Intravenous Urography in Experimental Acute Renal Failure

The Case for Oxygen Free Radicals in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure

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