Preservation of Mycoplasma Strains by Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen and by Lyophilization with Sucrose

Norman, Margaret C.; Franck, Eva B.; Choate, Richard V.

doi:10.1128/aem.20.1.69-71.1970

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Among different cells, mycoplasma bacteria are particularly suitable for performing this experiment because they are ubiquitous and their sizes are small [48]. In addition, they have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures [38]. It will also be interesting to create superposition states of prochlorococcus.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum superposition, entanglement, and state teleportation of a microorganism on an electromechanical oscillator

Yin

2016

Science Bulletin

123

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Schrödinger's thought experiment to prepare a cat in a superposition of both alive and dead states reveals profound consequences of quantum mechanics and has attracted enormous interests. Here we propose a straightforward method to create quantum superposition states of a living microorganism by putting a small cryopreserved bacterium on top of an electromechanical oscillator. Our proposal is based on recent developments that the center-of-mass oscillation of a 15-µm-diameter aluminium membrane has been cooled to its quantum ground state [Nature 475: 359 (2011)], and entangled with a microwave field [Science 342: 710 (2013)]. A microorganism with a mass much smaller than the mass of the electromechanical membrane will not significantly affect the quality factor of the membrane and can be cooled to the quantum ground state together with the membrane. Quantum superposition and teleportation of its center-of-mass motion state can be realized with the help of superconducting microwave circuits. More importantly, the internal states of a microorganism, such as the electron spin of a glycine radical, can be entangled with its center-of-mass motion and teleported to a remote microorganism. Our proposal can be realized with state-of-art technologies. The proposed setup is a quantum-limited magnetic resonance force microscope. Since internal states of an organism contain information, our proposal also provides a scheme for teleporting information or memories between two remote organisms.

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Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryopreservation is a mature technology that has been used clinically worldwide [37]. Most microorganisms can be preserved for many years in cryogenic environments [38]. Even some organs [39] can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum superposition, entanglement, and state teleportation of a microorganism on an electromechanical oscillator

Yin

2016

Science Bulletin

123

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“…The ability to recover viable mycoplasmas from frozen cultures makes possible the preservation of stock cultures by frozen storage and the provision of readily available standard inocula for physiological studies (1,5,6,14). Yet, until now no detailed investigation has been made of the factors affecting the survival of mycoplasmas during the freezing process and the following storage in the frozen state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival of Frozen Mycoplasmas

Raccach

Rottem

Razin

1975

Applied Microbiology

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Cooling to-70 C killed a higher percentage of Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri cells than cooling to-20 C. However, to preserve cell viability for prolonged periods storage at-70C was much more preferable. The percentage of cells surviving freezing could be increased by increasing the initial cell concentration or by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol as cryoprotective agents. In the presence of 1.5 M of any one of these agents survival rates of up to 100% could be obtained. The optimal cooling rates for maximal survival of A. laidlawii under the experimental conditions tested were 11 C/min for cooling to-20 C and about 15 C/min for cooling to-70 C. Increasing the warming rate during thawing from 0.6 to 67 C/min increased survival by 3 log. Oleic acid enrichment of A. laidlawii membrane lipids, or reduction in the cholesterol content of M. mycoides var. capri membranes, increased the percentage of organisms surviving freezing. Hence, the composition of membrane lipids appears to have a marked influence on the susceptibility of mycoplasmas to freezing injury.

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“…Cryopreservation is a standard technology for preserving biological samples for long periods and is used clinically worldwide [95]. Most microorganisms can be preserved for several years in cryogenic environments without losing vitality [96]. Even some organs can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures [97].…”

Section: Towards Quantum Superposition Of An Optically Levitated Micr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing quantum mechanics to life: from Schrödinger’s cat to Schrödinger’s microbe

Yin

2017

Contemporary Physics

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The question whether quantum mechanics is complete and the nature of the transition between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics have intrigued physicists for decades. There have been many experimental breakthroughs in creating larger and larger quantum superposition and entangled states since Erwin Schrödinger proposed his famous thought experiment of putting a cat in a superposition of both alive and dead states in 1935. Remarkably, recent developments in quantum optomechanics and electromechanics may lead to the realization of quantum superposition of living microbes soon. Recent evidence also suggests that quantum coherence may play an important role in several biological processes. In this review, we first give a brief introduction to basic concepts in quantum mechanics and the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment. We then review developments in creating quantum superposition and entangled states and the realization of quantum teleportation. Non-trivial quantum effects in photosynthetic light harvesting and avian magnetoreception are also discussed. At last, we review recent proposals to realize quantum superposition, entanglement and state teleportation of microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria.

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Preservation of Mycoplasma Strains by Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen and by Lyophilization with Sucrose

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Quantum superposition, entanglement, and state teleportation of a microorganism on an electromechanical oscillator

Quantum superposition, entanglement, and state teleportation of a microorganism on an electromechanical oscillator

Survival of Frozen Mycoplasmas

Bringing quantum mechanics to life: from Schrödinger’s cat to Schrödinger’s microbe

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