Preservation of Last Interglacial and Holocene transgressive systems tracts in the Netherlands and its applicability as a North Sea Basin reservoir analogue

Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean

“…Along the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea, the coast presents rather homogeneous characteristics from the Gulf of Trieste, in Italy, to the northern boundary of Albania. In particular, this stretch of coast, which includes the coasts of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro, is influenced by the tectonic structures of the Dinaric Alps, which have a NW-SE direction and largely consist of carbonatic bedrock (Pikelj and Juračić, 2013).…”

Fluvial response to environmental conditions during MIS 4-3: a sedimentary record at the Brześnica site, central-western Poland

“…In con se quence, dur ing MIS 4, braided flu vial pat terns could evolve and mark their pres ence in the sed i mentary re cord. Sites lo cated in cen tral and south ern Po land de veloped in up stream parts of the river catch ment area and were prob a bly too far to the then shore line to be no ta bly in flu enced by sea level changes as in NW Eu rope (Peeters et al, 2018); how ever, de lay and no tice able flu vial re sponse to base level changes with strong cli mate de pend ence may be re li ably inferred (Fig. 9B).…”

“…Dur ing this phase, a braided river sed i men ta tion style was dom i nant. In the con text of sea level changes dur ing the last gla cial-inter gla cial cy cle, flu vial sys tem evo lu tion in NW Eu rope may be clearly linked to a 18 O ma rine iso tope changes af ter Railsback et al (2015), sea level curve af ter Röhling et al ( 2012), both mod i fied and smoothed; B -flu vial re sponse for en vi ron men tal changes re lated to the river/catch ment long pro file dur ing MIS 4 and early MIS 3, the up stream catch ment area re sponded with a lag to cli mate and rel a tive sea level changes in com par i son to the down stream part of the flu vial sys tem se quence stra tig ra phy frame work (Catuneanu, 2002(Catuneanu, , 2006, in which the sed i men tary re cord from MIS 5d-3 was re lated to a fall ing-stage sys tems tract (Peeters et al, 2018). At the Brzeoenica site, which is rep re sen ta tive for the up stream part of the catch ment area, MIS 4 was marked by a sandy braided-river sed i men ta tion style, and ero sion took place later, prob a bly mainly dur ing early MIS 3 (Fig.…”

Last Interglacial sea-level data points from Northwest Europe

“…North Sea highstand wave action during the Eemian would reshape these headlands, while long-term basin subsidence would lower their absolute elevation. Falling stage and lowstand terrestrial sedimentary process (river valley developments in the basin; Busschers et al, 2007;Peeters et al, 2016) eroded most Eemian coastal plain features (Peeters et al, 2019) . Locally terrestrial peats bearing late interglacial and early glacial palynology (PAZs E6 and EW in Table 1) formed over highstand-originating surfaces that preserved along the rims of lagoons and estuaries preserving regressive stage RSL data points.…”

“…It grades upward into established tidal, brackish to saline, full estuarine facies. See Cohen (2011, 2019) for Holocene examples andSier et al (2015) andPeeters et al (2016Peeters et al ( , 2019 for LIG examples.The transgressive contact has direct meaning as to estuarine inundation, and represents the SLIP. The secondary contact within the terrestrial facies can be used as a terrestrial limiting point.…”