Preservation of Human Tear Protein Structure and Function by a Novel Contact Lens Multipurpose Solution Containing Protein-Stabilizing Agents

Wright, Elli A.; Payne, K.A.P.; Jowitt, Thomas A.; Howard, Marjorie; Morgan, Philip B.; Maldonado‐Codina, Carole; Dobson, Curtis B.

doi:10.1097/icl.0b013e31823fdb2a

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A 193-nm ArF excimer laser has been used to ablate the corneal surface keeping the treatment zone in the 6 mm of the central cornea. Ablation depth can range from 25 to 75 μm based on the depth of haze 35,36. In one study, visual acuity improved 1.6±2.9 lines in 41 eyes with SND, 3 months after PTK 37.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Salzmann nodular degeneration: prevalence, impact, and management strategies</p>

Paranjpe

Monsalve

Dubovy

et al. 2019

OPTH

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Purpose This review will summarize the clinical and histological presentation of Salzmann nodular degeneration (SND), its prevalence and risk factors, potential underlying mechanisms, diagnostic tools, management options, and impact on cataract surgery and co-morbid ocular surface diseases. Method PubMed review of 44 articles published between 1976 and 2018. Results SND is a corneal disease characterized by whitish gray or bluish nodules on the peripheral or central cornea. The clinical presentation of SND is variable and the nodules can be asymptomatic or cause foreign body sensation and/or blurred vision. Histologically, SND appears as subepithelial nodules with thin overlying epithelium, disrupted or absent Bowman’s layer, and activated fibroblasts within the nodule. SND pathogenesis is not fully understood but is thought to involve poor epithelial protection and disruption of the epithelial–stromal interface, allowing for penetration of epithelially derived growth factors into the stroma and subsequent activation of stromal fibroblasts, eventually leading to sub-epithelial deposition of disorganized extracellular membrane components. SND most commonly occurs in Caucasian females in a bimodal distribution, occurring in the fifth or eighth and ninth decades of life. Risk factors for SND include ocular surface diseases and surgery. Surgical intervention is recommended in individuals with symptomatic nodules – primarily superficial keratectomy performed with or without intraoperative mitomycin C, photokeratectomy, and/or amniotic membrane transplantation. These procedures have been successful in removing the lesion and reducing corneal irregularity, but have variable recurrence rates (0–31%). Conclusion The pathogenesis of SND is complex and multifactorial. Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities have allowed for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of SND.

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Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Salzmann nodular degeneration: prevalence, impact, and management strategies</p>

Paranjpe

Monsalve

Dubovy

et al. 2019

OPTH

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“…The effects on the tear film proteins may differ depending on the care solutions used . Newer care solutions contain protein stabilisation agents to prevent denaturation of lysozyme and lactoferrin and may help to retain the antimicrobial activity of these proteins if they bind to the lenses . However, further work is required in this field as new solutions continue to be introduced and other contact lens‐related solutions, such as cleaners, may also affect proteins and peptides in tears.…”

Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Boost

Cho

Wang

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Contact lens wear is a popular, convenient and effective method for vision correction. In recent years, contact lens practice has expanded to include new paradigms, including orthokeratology; however, their use is not entirely without risk, as the incidence of infection has consistently been reported to be higher in contact lens wearers. The explanations for this increased susceptibility have largely focused on physical damage, especially to the cornea, due to a combination of hypoxia, mechanical trauma, deposits and solution cytotoxicity, as well as poor compliance with care routines leading to introduction of pathogens into the ocular environment. However, in recent years, with the increasing availability and reduced cost of molecular techniques, the ocular environment has received greater attention with in‐depth studies of proteins and other components. Numerous proteins were found to be present in the tears and their functions and interactions indicate that the tears are far more complex than formerly presumed. In addition, the concept of a sterile or limited microbial population on the ocular surface has been challenged by analysis of the microbiome. Ocular microbiome was not considered as one of the key sites for the Human Microbiome Project, as it was thought to be limited compared to other body sites. This was proven to be fallacious, as a wide variety of micro‐organisms were identified in the analyses of human tears. Thus, the ocular environment is now recognised to be more complicated and interference with this ecological balance may lead to adverse effects. The use of contact lenses clearly changes the situation at the ocular surface, which may result in consequences which disturb the balance in the healthy eye.

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“…Lactoferrin, increased binding of both Staphyloccus and Pseudomonas , and while unable to kill the former, did reduced viable counts of adhered Pseudomonas . Recent studies with care solutions containing protein-stabilization agents show that they are able to prevent denaturation of lysozyme and lactoferrin hence may be beneficial in preventing loss of antimicrobial activity when these proteins bind to lenses (Barniak et al, 2010; Wright et al, 2012). …”

Section: Modulation Of Tear Antimicrobialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

McDermott

2013

Experimental Eye Research

233

171

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The tear film coats the cornea and conjunctiva and serves several important functions. It provides lubrication, prevents drying of the ocular surface epithelia, helps provide a smooth surface for refracting light, supplies oxygen and is an important component of the innate defense system of the eye providing protection against a range of potential pathogens. This review describes both classic antimicrobial compounds found in tears such as lysozyme and some more recently identified such as members of the cationic antimicrobial peptide family and surfactant protein-D as well as potential new candidate molecules that may contribute to antimicrobial protection. As is readily evident from the literature review herein, tears, like all mucosal fluids, contain a plethora of molecules with known antimicrobial effects. That all of these are active in vivo is debatable as many are present in low concentrations, may be influenced by other tear components such as the ionic environment, and antimicrobial action may be only one of several activities ascribed to the molecule. However, there are many studies showing synergistic/additive interactions between several of the tear antimicrobials and it is highly likely that cooperativity between molecules is the primary way tears are able to afford significant antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface in vivo. In addition to effects on pathogen growth and survival some tear components prevent epithelial cell invasion and promote the epithelial expression of innate defense molecules. Given the protective role of tears a number of scenarios can be envisaged that may affect the amount and/or activity of tear antimicrobials and hence compromise tear immunity. Two such situations, dry eye disease and contact lens wear, are discussed here.

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Preservation of Human Tear Protein Structure and Function by a Novel Contact Lens Multipurpose Solution Containing Protein-Stabilizing Agents

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

<p>Salzmann nodular degeneration: prevalence, impact, and management strategies</p>

<p>Salzmann nodular degeneration: prevalence, impact, and management strategies</p>

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

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