Preservation of d-glucose-oligosaccharides in cellulose chars

Pastorova, Ivana; Arisz, Peter W.; Boon, Jaap J.

doi:10.1016/0008-6215(93)84123-n

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The temperature, as a function of the time, inside and outside the grain was measured using thermocouples. The results show that the external temperature T ext (°C) in the first stage was greater than the internal temperature T int (°C) [14] of the grains. Thus a positive thermal lag (i.e.…”

Section: Mass Loss and Optimization Of The Heating Timementioning

confidence: 77%

“…2) in the range of T oven =220 up to 250°C is the result of dehydration, which is confirmed by the clear liquid in the outlet tube (Table 2). This liquid was not further analysed, but most likely only water is released at these temperatures and pressures [14,15]. The C content rises strongly from 220 up to 250°C, indicating that relatively less C containing compounds were removed from the residues in this temperature range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total mass loss does not become constant. For comparative reasons the mass loss of microcrystalline cellulose heated for 2.5 h under almost identical conditions [14] is shown. Cellulose shows a higher mass loss from T oven >270°C and is almost completely converted to volatile matter at 400°C.…”

Section: Mass Loss and Optimization Of The Heating Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From T oven =310°C a series of odd numbered masses is becoming more prominent giving the spectrum a different mass peak pattern appearance. These are characteristic for thermally modified polysaccharides, in this case starch [11,14].…”

Section: Dtms-ci-nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Braadbaart

Horst

Boon

et al. 2004

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

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Whole grains of emmer wheat were heated in a pre-heated tube oven at temperatures ranging from 130-700°C under controlled anoxic conditions for maximum 280 min. For each temperature a separate experiment was carried out. Physical properties including mass loss, thermal lag, external and internal morphology and the vitrinite reflectance, C and N content, and DTMS under CI (NH 3 ) and EI conditions were used to monitor changes as a function of the temperature. The results show remaining starch and protein rich material up to 250°C. From 310-400°C a secondary, thermally stable, product is formed and at higher temperatures a strongly carbon enriched tertiary product.

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Section: Mass Loss and Optimization Of The Heating Timementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Loss and Optimization Of The Heating Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dtms-ci-nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Braadbaart

Horst

Boon

et al. 2004

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

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“…Torrefaction causes biomass to become hydrophobic mainly due to the destruction of the hydroxyl group (OH) and does not support the formation of hydrogen bonds (Pastorova et al 1993). The chemical rearrangement reactions from torrefaction result in the formation of non-polar unsaturated structures that help preserve the biomass by reducing biological degradation, which is similar to coal Wooten et al 2000).…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Biomass Densification Technologie for Energy Application

Tumuluru¹,

Wright²

2010

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It is generally acknowledged that burning fossil fuels and deforestation are major contributors to anthropogenic climate change. Biomass from plants can serve as an alternative renewable and carbon-neutral raw material for the production of energy. Low densities of 80-150 kg/m 3 for herbaceous and 150-200 kg/m 3 for woody biomass limit their application in energy production. Prior to cost-effective use in energy applications, these materials need to be densified to increase their bulk densities to help reduce technical limitations associated with storage, loading, and transportation. Pelleting, briquetting, or extrusion processing are methods commonly used to achieve densification. The aim of the present report is a comprehensive review of biomass processing, which includes densification technologies and specific energy consumption, biomass pretreatment methods, densification process modeling, and optimization. The specific objectives include:

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Improvements of biomass physical and thermochemical characteristics via torrefaction process

Sadaka

Negi

2009

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

171

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Various types of feedstocks such as straws and cotton gin waste are characterized by their low bulk density and relatively low energy content as well as irregular particle sizes and shapes. These factors impact the production of bioenergy from these fluffy feedstocks. The goal of this research is to improve the physical and thermochemical characteristics of biomass via torrefaction process. Torrefaction involves the heating of biomass to moderate temperature of 200 to 3008C in an inert atmosphere. Thus, the properties of the biomass undergo chemical and physical changes under torrefaction process.Several batches of wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste were torrefied at 2608C for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min using a batch torrefaction system located at the bioenergy lab, Stuttgart, AR. Another set of experiments took place in which wheat straw was used as the feedstock. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200, 260, and 3158C) and residence time (60, 120, and 180 min) on the physical and thermochemical characteristics of wheat straw were studied. During 1 hour torrefaction at 2608C, moisture content was reduced by 70.5%, 49.4%, and 48.6% for wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste, respectively. Insignificant reduction (<1.9%) of the volatile solids was observed under the same torrefaction conditions. The heating value increased by 15.3%, 16.9%, and 6.3% for wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste, respectively. Rice straw showed the highest weight loss of 30.7% under the same torrefaction conditions.The second set of experiment showed that the torrefaction temperature have stronger effect compared with residence time. The highest heating value (22.75 MJ/kg) and the highest weight loss (54%) of wheat straw were observed at torrefaction temperature of 3158C and 3-h residence time. Also, improvement of size reduction was visually observed, which has the favorable properties for application for gasification and/or pyrolysis.

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Preservation of d-glucose-oligosaccharides in cellulose chars

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

A Review on Biomass Densification Technologie for Energy Application

Improvements of biomass physical and thermochemical characteristics via torrefaction process

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