Preservation of Collagen in Bone From Dry, Sandy Soil

Grupe, Gisela

doi:10.1006/jasc.1995.0021

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although these profiles are typical for collagen in general, certain amino acids show remarkable changes in their abundance. They also confirm Gmpe's hypothesis ( 1995) that micro-organisms preferentially metabolize amino acids with large side chains such as histidine (H), phenylalanine (F), methionine (M) and glutamic acid (E), for example, for bioenergetic requirements (Grupe 1995). In accordance with this finding, a relative loss of carbon from the extracted 'collagen' was indicated by lower C/N ratios in some samples (cf.…”

Section: Bacterial Mod8cation Of Collagen Amino Acid Projlessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The remaining samples were homogenized in a Zr02-coated mill and the protein fractions then extracted by subsequent treatment with guanidine-hydrochloride (G-HC 1) and EDTA as described elsewhere (Freundorfer et al 1995;Grupe 1995). All extraction steps were performed in the presence of a Phosphoramidon protease inhibitor (N-[a-Rhamnopyranosyloxyhydroxyphosphinyll-Leu-TRP; Sigma; 1 .O mg/500 mL solution), which, in our experience, nearly doubles the protein harvest from bone.…”

Section: Collagen Extraction: Amino Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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IN VITRO DECOMPOSITION OF BONE COLLAGEN BY SOIL BACTERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOMETRY*

Balzer

Gleixner²,

Grupe

et al. 1997

Archaeometry

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To understand biogenic collagen type I decomposition and to establish how diagenesis may bias archaeometric data, modern mammalian bone was inoculated with a selection of ubiquitous soil bacteria. The presence of exogenous microbial biomass in the inoculated specimens was then checked microscopically prior to collagen extraction. The experimentally degraded bone collagen showed altered amino acid compositions, attributable to the selective breakdown of certain amino acids by the bacteria. While both the bulk collagen extract and the single amino acids exhibited shifts to more negative δ13 C‐values, enrichment was recorded for general δ13 N, and a depletion trend relative to unaltered collagen was observed for individual amino acid δ13 N. One explanation for the enrichment of the global δ15N‐values is cleavage of peptide bonds, which leaves 15 N within the substrate, while the change of 13C is mostly due to the altered amino acid composition. On the other hand, possible repolymerization of cleavage products under experimental conditions may also be responsible for the depletion trend of individual amino acid δ13C‐ and δ15 N‐values. This paper discusses the results as a basis for the development of a method for the reconstruction of the isotopic abundance of the original collagen, using the amino acid composition of the degraded product, the contribution of individual amino acids to its global δ‐values and of isotope discriminations implied in the microbial decomposition.

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Section: Bacterial Mod8cation Of Collagen Amino Acid Projlessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Collagen Extraction: Amino Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

IN VITRO DECOMPOSITION OF BONE COLLAGEN BY SOIL BACTERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOMETRY*

Balzer

Gleixner²,

Grupe

et al. 1997

Archaeometry

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“…Empirical (Grupe, 1995) and experimental (Balzer et al, 1997) studies have shown that certain microbes preferentially degrade specific amino acid residues with large side chains in postmortem bone collagen such as phenylalanine, aspartic acid, methionine, glutamic acid, and histidine. It is possible that sulfur atoms are affected by diagenesis without evident changes in the concentration and isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen because sulfur in bone collagen exists only as the methionine residue with a relatively much lower concentration (Eastoe, 1955).…”

Section: Diagenetic Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices using stable isotope and trace element analyses: A review

Tsutaya

Yoneda

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

193

188

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Biogeochemical methods using stable isotopes and trace elements have been increasingly developed and applied to reconstruct modern and ancient breastfeeding and weaning practices of mammals, including humans, because they offer direct proxies for the dietary intake of subadults. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes have been used to evaluate breast milk lipid, protein, and water intake, respectively. Carbon and sulfur isotopes have been used to estimate the content of weaning foods. The elemental concentrations of Sr and Ba in subadult tissues differ because of the dietary change during the weaning process. For analyses, various tissues have been used, such as hair, nail, blood, and feces for modern mammals and bone and teeth for ancient ones. Of these, trace element analysis of tooth enamel offers a good opportunity for the reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices of the more distant past at finer resolution, although further understanding of the metabolism of trace elements is necessary. There are various tissue-and element-specific advantages and disadvantages, and a combination of different proxies can illuminate practices from various viewpoints. Finally, applying the geochemical reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices to human ecology, primatology, and paleoanthropology is important; basic studies of the underlying physiological mechanisms and technical improvements in the analyses will further highlight avenues for future research. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 156:2-21, 2015. V C 2014 American Association of Physical AnthropologistsThe reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices (BWPs) of ancient human and other mammalian species is one of the most important fields in anthropology, archaeology, evolutionary biology, and history. Infant feeding practices affect the overall health of the population because diet, health status, and growth at a young age have profound effects on an individual's later life (Dettwyler and Fishman, 1992;Katzenberg et al., 1996;WHO, 1998WHO, , 2009Lewis, 2007). Breastfeeding and weaning practices can be viewed from the evolutionary perspectives of life history theory, parental investment, child development, social system, and reproductive strat-

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“…Furthermore, microbial exploitation is a primary mechanism of bone collagen loss and has been variably linked with successful extraction of organic biomolecules, including DNA (Hagelberg et al 1991;Grupe 1995;Colson et al 1997;Cipollaro et al 1998;Geigl 2002;Götherström et al 2002;Haynes et al 2002;Rollo et al 2002;Collins et al 2009;Ottoni et al 2009;Devièse et al 2010). Establishing the factors that affect bone bioerosion may help to account for variation in organic biomolecular yield amongst archaeological bones and contribute to predictive models of preservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Funerary Treatment and Bacterial Bioerosion in European Archaeological Human Bone

Booth

2015

Archaeometry

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A central problem in funerary archaeology is interpreting how the corpse was manipulated in the immediate post mortem period. The extent of bacterial bioerosion to the internal bone microstructure has been proposed as a means to infer the early post mortem history of a corpse, as it has been suggested that this form of bone diagenesis is produced by an organism's putrefactive gut bacteria. Under this model, different forms of funerary treatment would be expected to leave characteristic signatures of bioerosion in archaeological bone. Here, we tested the extent to which bacterial bioerosion of ancient human bones reflected funerary treatment, through histological analysis of 301 archaeological human bone thin sections from 25 European archaeological sites. We found that bioerosion was significantly influenced by whether a bone originated from a neonatal individual or an anoxic context. When these remains were excluded, bioerosion was controlled by archaeological phase in a manner consistent with known early post mortem treatment and forensic models of bodily decomposition. These findings suggest that microscopic analyses of bone have useful applications in reconstructions of funerary processes and provide some insight into factors that may control the persistence of organic biomolecules and fossilization.

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Preservation of Collagen in Bone From Dry, Sandy Soil

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

IN VITRO DECOMPOSITION OF BONE COLLAGEN BY SOIL BACTERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOMETRY*

IN VITRO DECOMPOSITION OF BONE COLLAGEN BY SOIL BACTERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS IN ARCHAEOMETRY*

Reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices using stable isotope and trace element analyses: A review

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Funerary Treatment and Bacterial Bioerosion in European Archaeological Human Bone

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