“…9 These beneficial effects are attributed to key nutrients such as vitamins (C, K, and B), minerals (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), antioxidants, phytonutrients (such as resveratrol, phenols, polyphenols, and carotenoids), and fiber. 16 Grapes also serve as a significant source of bioactive compounds, with their accumulation influenced by various factors including grape variety, maturity, post-harvest storage, environmental conditions (such as location, light exposure, temperature, and water availability), nutrition, microorganisms, and viticulture practices. 38 In winemaking, the quality of grapes often holds more importance than meticulously controlled fermentation processes.…”