Preservation and post-mortem transformations of lipids in samples from a 4000-year-old nubian mummy

Probing dietary change of the Kwädąy Dän Ts'ìnchį individual, an ancient glacier body from British Columbia: I. Complementary use of marine lipid biomarker and carbon isotope signatures as novel indicators of a marine diet

“…Indeed, 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid represented the dominant lipid (27%) in the trabecular bone of Otzi, the Tyrolean Iceman (Varmuza et al, 2005). The detection of 12-hydroxy analogues of C 18 , C 20 and C 22 unsaturated FAs in addition to the 10-hydroxy derivatives is uncommon; a hydroxyl group at the C-12 position has only previously been reported in a 4000-year-old desiccated Nubian mummy (Gülac xar et al, 1990). 10-and 12-hydroxyeicosanoic acid and 10-and 12-hydroxydocosanoic acids have not been reported in degraded human tissue previously; their detection in association with C 20:1 FA and C 22:1 FA seems to indicate the latter as biological precursors.…”

Preliminary Results for the Analysis of Lipids in Ancient Bone

“…In contrast to the findings from bog bodies, an investigation of the lipids from a Nubian mummy recovered from an arid sites showed a much greater abundance of oxidized lipids reflecting the contrasting burial environment (Gülaçar et al, 1990). The steroidal compounds that were recovered included: cholesterol from the skin and skull samples, with interthoracic samples being characterized by the presence of coprostanol with smaller amounts of the C 28 and C 29 homologues.…”

“…Evidence that lipids survive in human remains comes from the relatively few analyses that have been performed on mummies (Kuksis et al, 1978;Gülaçar et al, 1990) and bog bodies (Evershed, 1990(Evershed, , 1992Evershed & Connolly, 1987. These studies have shown that lipids, particularly the steroidal compounds, i.e.…”

Organic Residue Analysis in Archaeology: The Archaeological Biomarker Revolution*

“…1985; Evershed and Connolly 1987, 1994; Robinson et al . 1987; Rullkötter and Nissenbaum 1988; Connan and Dessort 1989; Gülaçar et al 1989, 1990; Hurst et al . 1989; Pepe et al .…”