Presentation, Treatment, and Complications of Acute Dehydration in Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Abstract

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a condition affecting a group of pregnant women, poses a complex clinical situation marked by persistent vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. The prevalence rate of HG ranges from 0.5% to 2%, which means it carries risks for both the health of the mother and the developing fetus throughout pregnancy. The multifaceted etiology of HG involves hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, and other potential contributors. This review explores the key findings, clinical manifestations, and management strategies associated with HG. Identifiable risk factors, including prior HG history, multiple gestations, and extreme maternal age, contribute to its development. Hormonal factors, including increased levels of gonadotropin (hCG) and dysfunction in the thyroid, play a role in its development. Clinically, HG is marked by severe vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and notable weight loss. Timely and comprehensive management is paramount, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach involving intravenous fluids, antiemetic medications, nutritional support, and psychological counseling. In conclusion, HG underscores the unique healthcare needs of pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of addressing these needs promptly and comprehensively to safeguard both maternal and fetal well-being. This review sheds light on the intricate nature of HG, highlighting the significance of tailored interventions and continuous care throughout pregnancy to mitigate complications and ensure safe outcomes.