Presentation de 9 cartes paleogeographiques au 1/20000000000eme s'etendant de l'Atlantique au Pamir pour la periode du Lias a l'Actuel

Dercourt, Jean; Zonenshain, Lev P.; Ricou, Luc-Emmanuel; Kazmin, V. G.; Pichon, Xavier Le; Knipper, A. L.; Grandjacquet, C.; Sborshchikov, I. M.; Boulin, J.; Sorokhtin, O. G.; Geyssant, Jacques; Lepvrier, Claude; Biju-Duval, B.; Sibuet, Jean‐Claude; Savostin, L. A.; Westphal, M.; Lauer, J. P.

doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.i.5.637

Cited by 247 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The marine influences were most frequent in Italy (at the Tortonian, Aquitanian, Oligocene, Paleocene and Campanian-Santonian periods) and less important for the Jura (Tortonian) and Spain (Campanian-Santonian, Paleocene). The Krim region was inundated Sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity 787 during the Campanian-Santonian, Paleocene and Oligocene periods; the Roussillon at the Campanian-Santonian, Paleocene and Pliocene periods (Debrand-Passard & Courbouleix, 1984;Dercourt et al, 1985). Concomitantly, many thalassoid species, including syncarids (Guil & Camacho, 2001), some amphipods (Notenboom, 1991) and isopods (Coineau, 1994), were observed in those regions most influenced by Tethys belts.…”

Section: Groundwater Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

et al. 2009

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SUMMARY1. Reliable assessments of groundwater biodiversity are urgently needed to resolve current issues relating to the protection of aquifers. The assessment of groundwater biodiversity is hampered by the physical complexity and difficult access to the subterranean environment, which is related to the vastness, high degree of fragmentation and environmental heterogeneity of groundwater systems. Knowledge on groundwater biodiversity is also biased towards penetrable karstic habitats (caves), whereas other common habitats such as those found in porous aquifers have been neglected. This situation calls for a standardised and comprehensive strategy to sample an exhaustive and balanced set of groundwater habitats. 2. A standardised sampling protocol aimed at capturing the main sources of environmental heterogeneity within regions was applied in six regions across Europe. Four hierarchical levels were considered: (i) region (c. 400 km 2 ); (ii) basin (c. 100 km 2 ); (iii) aquifer type (karstic or porous) and (iv) habitat (hyporheic and phreatic zones for porous aquifers; saturated and unsaturated zones for karst aquifers). A total of 192 sampling sites equally distributed among habitats were sampled within each region. 3. Stygobiotic species richness significantly varied across regions, probably as a result of important difference in physical and biogeographical characteristics among the regions. Only one species (Graeteriella unisetigera) occurred in all six regions, underlining the narrow geographic range and high degree of endemism of stygobiotic fauna. The low frequency of occurrence of stygobionts also points to the importance of rarity in ground waters and its relevance for drawing up sampling designs. 4. Rarefaction curves were calculated to determine sampling efficiencies within each region. Despite the high sampling effort, the curves did not reach saturation, especially in the Cantabria, Lessinia and Krim regions, which had the greatest numbers of rare species. 5. Species accumulation curves were also calculated by considering the main sources of environmental heterogeneity among basins, aquifer types and habitats captured by the sampling protocol. In two regions (Roussillon and Jura) sampling efficiency was improved

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Section: Groundwater Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

et al. 2009

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“…During the Permian to Early Jurassic, South Tethys began to widen with the formation of oceanic crust, as the result of the northward drift of Central Iran; while a Palaeo-Tethys Ocean, which existed during the Palaeozoic at the present northern margin of the Elburz Range, progressively narrowed and was closed by the end of the Lias (Stöcklin, 1974). After the suture of Palaeo-Tethys, the African-Arabian plate continued to move northwards (Dercourt et al, 1985;Scotese and Golenka, 1993).…”

Section: The First Period Of Stability Of the Arabian Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Tectonics on the Entrapment of Oil in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Foldbelt, Iran

Bordenave¹,

2005

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The timing of the orogenic events associated with the closure of South Tethys significantly influenced the generation, migration and entrapment of petroleum in the Zagros Foldbelt of Iran. This influence was particularly important in the Dezful Embayment, which is one of the world's richest oil provinces, containing some 8% of global oil reserves in an area of only 60,000 sq. km. In the Dezful Embayment, oil and associated gas occur in two carbonate reservoirs ‐ the Sarvak Formation of Cenomanian to Turonian age, and the Oligocene ‐ Early Miocene Asmari Formation, sealed by the evaporites of the Gachsaran Formation. The oil and associated gas are trapped in large “whaleback” anticlines which formed during the Neogene Zagros orogeny. Two excellent source rocks, the Albian Kazhdumi Formation and the upper part of the Pabdeh Formation (Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene), supplied the Asmari and Sarvak reservoirs and with them form the Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene Petroleum System. This system was found to be independent of older petroleum systems. Two particular problems are addressed in this paper. The first is the relative timing of trap formation versus oil expulsion from the source rocks. If oil expulsion occurred prior to Zagros folding, the oil would have migrated along gently dipping ramps towards the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Southern Iraq, and would have been trapped a long way from the source kitchen. By contrast, if oil expulsion took place when the whaleback anticlines already existed or had at least begun to develop, the oil generated would have moved almost vertically towards the nearest anticline. Secondly, we assess the type of heatflow to be used for modelling. This could be either variable or constant, depending on the stability or instability of the Arabian Platform and on subsidence variations during source rock maturation. Our conclusions can be summarized as follows. First, the paroxysmal phase of Zagros folding commenced in the Dezful Embayment towards the end of the Middle Miocene around 10 Ma ago and continued throughout the Late Miocene and Pliocene. Second, bearing in mind the remarkable stability of the Arabian Platform for some 260 Ma, during which there was almost continuous gentle subsidence between the Permian transgression and the Early Miocene, a constant heatflow was used for modelling. Burial profiles and maturity indices, such as vitrinite reflectance and Rock‐Eval parameters, demonstrate that the Kazhdumi and Pabdeh source rocks reached the onset of oil expulsion during deposition of the Agha Jari Formation between 8 and 3Ma, depending upon the location. This chronology means that oil migrated from source rocks into preexisting Zagros structures. Therefore, oil migrated over short distances to nearby traps within well‐defined drainage areas, the geometry of which can be deduced from seismic data. Moreover, the Zagros folding induced prominent fracturing which can be observed both at outcrop and in wells. This fracturing, which affects lime‐stones as well as marls, enhanced...

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“…Biogenic phosphates were selected from the western (Normandy, Boulonnais, south England) and the eastern (Burgundy, Jura, and southeast basin) parts of the Anglo-Paris Basin. The paleogeographic map (modified after Dercourt et al [1985] and Ziegler [1988]) shows that Western Europe occupied a tropical position during the Middle-Late Jurassic; a latitude is shown and labelled 20°-30°to give an estimate of uncertainties. Since the Bathonian, the Anglo-Paris basin, located at the occidental extremity of the Tethys, was connected northward to boreal realms.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal evolution of Tethyan surface waters during the Middle‐Late Jurassic: Evidence from δ¹⁸O values of marine fish teeth

et al. 2003

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[1] Oxygen isotope compositions of phosphate from vertebrate tooth enamel were measured to determine the evolution of tropical sea surface (<$200 m depth) O values of fish tooth enamel (up to 22.3%) could reflect the arrival of a cold water current from the Arctic during the opening of the North Sea rift. An apparent large drop of temperatures from 28 to 21°C is identified at the Callovian-Oxfordian boundary over no more than %2-3 Myr. This cooling is compatible with previous paleobotanical and geochemical studies and can be precisely correlated with the migration of boreal ammonites into the Tethyan domain. Because isotopic sea surface temperatures are probably too low to be compatible with tropical climatic conditions, the d 18O value of seawater could have been >0% owing to limited growth of continental ice during the early middle Oxfordian. The resulting sea level fall is estimated to be at least 50 m and is compatible with a global regression stage. The middle Oxfordian thermal minimum is followed by a new warming stage of 3-4°C from the middle to the late Oxfordian.

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Presentation de 9 cartes paleogeographiques au 1/20000000000eme s'etendant de l'Atlantique au Pamir pour la periode du Lias a l'Actuel

Cited by 247 publications

References 0 publications

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

The Influence of Tectonics on the Entrapment of Oil in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Foldbelt, Iran

Thermal evolution of Tethyan surface waters during the Middle‐Late Jurassic: Evidence from δ¹⁸O values of marine fish teeth

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Presentation de 9 cartes paleogeographiques au 1/20000000000eme s'etendant de l'Atlantique au Pamir pour la periode du Lias a l'Actuel

Cited by 247 publications

References 0 publications

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

Towards an optimal sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: comparison across six European regions

The Influence of Tectonics on the Entrapment of Oil in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Foldbelt, Iran

Thermal evolution of Tethyan surface waters during the Middle‐Late Jurassic: Evidence from δ18O values of marine fish teeth

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Thermal evolution of Tethyan surface waters during the Middle‐Late Jurassic: Evidence from δ¹⁸O values of marine fish teeth