Presentation and prognosis of female acute urinary retention: Analysis of an unusual clinical condition in outpatients

Abstract

Objectives:Acute urinary retention (AUR) in females is a poorly defined condition with undetermined epidemiology. This study aimed to evaluate female AUR in an outpatient population.Patients and Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight adult female outpatients who presented to the emergency room with symptoms of urinary retention were retrospectively analyzed. The women who were ultimately diagnosed with true, complete AUR were systematically reviewed for clinical characteristics and management.Results:In this outpatient cohort with urinary retention complaints, only 23% of the patients were diagnosed with objective AUR. Detailed medical and urological history in addition to urogenital, neurological, and pelvic examinations was essential; urine analysis and pelvic ultrasonography were necessary as baseline investigations. Further radiological and urodynamic tests were required in a minority. Specific etiology was established in 77% of the patients, whereas there was more than one probable cause in 16% of the patients, and no specific cause was found in 6.5% of the patients. Bladder decompression and correction of the underlying cause helped 92.6% of the reviewed patients to eventually achieve spontaneous micturition.Conclusions:The proportion of true, complete AUR among female outpatients presenting to the emergency department was 23% following urological evaluation. Acute condition was resolved by urgent catheterization in all, and the majority of women had eventually resumed spontaneous voiding.

Urinary retention by mirtazapine: A case report

“…50% of drug's bioavailability is achieved within two to three hours, since mirtazapine is metabolized through first intestinal and hepatic bypass mechanism. Hence, unlike other antidepressants mirtazapine start therapeutic effect within first week [3]. Male under 48 years, require more dose than female to have equivalent plasma concentration.…”

“…Urinary retention is not one of the commonly reported side effects, though occasionally it is observed in psychiatry practice [3]. Data available on epidemiology of female urinary retention is also not adequate [3,4].…”

“…Data available on epidemiology of female urinary retention is also not adequate [3,4]. Urinary retention in female is more uncommon.…”

Female Urinary Retention: Observations from a Retrospective Case Note Review

“…Constipation, the use of certain medication and anesthesia appear to be common triggers for female urinary retention and the findings in our series are similar to other studies. [6][7][8] We found that post-operative female urinary retention was common following urogynaecological or general surgical procedures and to a lesser extent post-orthopedic surgery. However, the number of cases in our series was too low to draw any meaningful conclusion about the specific type of surgical procedure itself that increased this risk.…”

Fowler’s Syndrome—The Cause of Urinary Retention in Young Women, Often Forgotten, but Significant and Challenging to Treat

“…Urinary retention in young women is a relatively rare clinical problem. Epidemiological studies estimate that its incidence in young women ranges from 3 cases per 100,000 per year to 0.3% after the exclusion of other causes, such as postoperative, postpartum, gynecological, urological, rectal, and psychiatric causes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The incidence of Fowler’s syndrome is rated at 0.2 cases per 100,000 per year [ 4 ].…”