Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S‐glycoprotein, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity

Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Bhattacharya, Manojit; Sharma, Ashish Ranjan

doi:10.1002/rmv.2270

Cited by 96 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…A classic example is the D614G mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2 that has become so dominant in all variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) globally (Figure 1). 8 Reports have confirmed the mutation of a particular SARS-CoV-2 variant at any geographical level and the distribution of that specific mutation occurring both regionally and globally (Figures 2 and 3). 9 This mutated variant has been transmitted worldwide with high infectious rate compared to its original counterpart (Figure 4).…”

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confidence: 63%

D614G mutation eventuates in all VOI and VOC in SARS-CoV-2: Is it part of the positive selection pioneered by Darwin?

Chakraborty¹,

Saha²,

Sharma³

et al. 2021

Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids

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Recently, several emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 have originated from the Wuhan strain and spread throughout the globe within one and a half years. One mutation, D614G, is very prominent in all VOI and VOC in SARS-CoV-2. This mutation might help to increase the viral fitness in all emerging variants where the mutation is present. With the help of this mutation (D614G), the SARS-CoV-2 variants have gained viral fitness to enhance viral replication and increase transmission. This paper attempts to answer the question of whether the mutation (D614G) occurs due to positive selection or not.

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confidence: 63%

D614G mutation eventuates in all VOI and VOC in SARS-CoV-2: Is it part of the positive selection pioneered by Darwin?

Chakraborty¹,

Saha²,

Sharma³

et al. 2021

Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids

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“…More than five million Israelis (out of 9.3 million) were fully vaccinated with two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as of 26 May 2021 [8]. However, in summer 2021, there was a resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Israel. It is important to understand to what extent this resurgence is due to the high infectiousness of the delta variant [9], lower protection of the vaccine against the delta or other variants as compared to the original strain [10,11], or decreasing levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against all strains in vaccinated individuals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Study of Antibody Titer Decay following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 is thought to decrease over time. We designed a retrospective study, conducted at Leumit Health Services in Israel, to determine the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals. Antibody titers were measured between 31 January 2021, and 31 July 2021 in two mutually exclusive groups: (i) vaccinated individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and had no history of previous infection with COVID-19 and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents who had not received the vaccine. A total of 2653 individuals fully vaccinated by two doses of vaccine during the study period and 4361 convalescent patients were included. Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were observed in vaccinated individuals (median 1581 AU/mL IQR [533.8–5644.6]) after the second vaccination than in convalescent individuals (median 355.3 AU/mL IQR [141.2–998.7]; p < 0.001). In vaccinated subjects, antibody titers decreased by up to 38% each subsequent month while in convalescents they decreased by less than 5% per month. Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination 16.1% subjects had antibody levels below the seropositivity threshold of <50 AU/mL, while only 10.8% of convalescent patients were below <50 AU/mL threshold after 9 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group.

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“…At the same time, scientists noted different new variants of SARS-CoV-2, affecting various epidemiological phenomena of the pandemic. Some significant variants have been entitled as Variants of Concern/Variants of Interest (VOC/ VOI) status due to their superior risk with more severity and amplified transmissibility (3)(4)(5)(6). These VOC/VOI possess mutations imparting properties like an immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy to this virus (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

et al. 2022

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The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations, having the immune escape property. Simultaneously, the vaccination drive against this virus is in progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some of the newly emerging variants. Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants’ immune escape and vaccine escape ability. We have illustrated a broad view related to viral evolution, variants, and immune escape ability. Subsequently, different immune escape approaches of SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed. Different innate immune escape strategies adopted by the SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed like, IFN-I production dysregulation, cytokines related immune escape, immune escape associated with dendritic cell function and macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils related immune escape, PRRs associated immune evasion, and NLRP3 inflammasome associated immune evasion. Simultaneously we have discussed the significant mutations related to emerging variants and immune escape, such as mutations in the RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) and other parts (D614G, P681R) of the S-glycoprotein. Mutations in other locations such as NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, and ORF8 have also been discussed. Finally, we have illustrated the emerging variants’ partial vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA/Oxford-AstraZeneca/BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001/Moderna mRNA/Johnson & Johnson vaccine) escape ability. This review will help gain in-depth knowledge related to immune escape, antibody escape, and partial vaccine escape ability of the virus and assist in controlling the current pandemic and prepare for the next.

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Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S‐glycoprotein, infectivity, re‐infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity

Cited by 96 publications

References 92 publications

D614G mutation eventuates in all VOI and VOC in SARS-CoV-2: Is it part of the positive selection pioneered by Darwin?

D614G mutation eventuates in all VOI and VOC in SARS-CoV-2: Is it part of the positive selection pioneered by Darwin?

Large-Scale Study of Antibody Titer Decay following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

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