Present Status of Our Knowledge of Stereoscopic Vision

Ogle, Kenneth N.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1958.00940080775019

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The informativeness of binocular disparity and motion parallax for the perception of depth and solid object shape has been known and discussed since the 19th century (e.g., Helmholtz, 1867Helmholtz, /1925Ogle, 1950Ogle, , 1958Wheatstone, 1838). While early investigators employed a variety of surface shapes defined by binocular disparity and/or motion (e.g., Braunstein, 1966;Green, 1961;Julesz, 1971;Johansson, 1975;Ullman, 1979;Wallach & O'Connell, 1953), vision researchers did not actually measure human observers' ability to discriminate 3-D surface shape until the 1980s and 1990s (e.g., de Vries, Kappers, & Koenderink, 1993;Norman & Lappin, 1992;Norman, Lappin, & Zucker, 1991;Rogers & Graham, 1979;Sperling, Landy, Dosher, & Perkins, 1989;Uttal, Davis, Welke, & Kakarala, 1988;Van Damme & Van de Grind, 1993).…”

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Aging and the discrimination of 3-D shape from motion and binocular disparity

Norman

Holmin

Beers

et al. 2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Two experiments evaluated the ability of younger and older adults to visually discriminate 3-D shape as a function of surface coherence. The coherence was manipulated by embedding the 3-D surfaces in volumetric noise (e.g., for a 55 % coherent surface, 55 % of the stimulus points fell on a 3-D surface, while 45 % of the points occupied random locations within the same volume of space). The 3-D surfaces were defined by static binocular disparity, dynamic binocular disparity, and motion. The results of both experiments demonstrated significant effects of age: Older adults required more coherence (tolerated volumetric noise less) for reliable shape discrimination than did younger adults. Motion-defined and static-binoculardisparity-defined surfaces resulted in similar coherence thresholds. However, performance for dynamic-binoculardisparity-defined surfaces was superior (i.e., the observers' surface coherence thresholds were lowest for these stimuli). The results of both experiments showed that younger and older adults possess considerable tolerance to the disrupting effects of volumetric noise; the observers could reliably discriminate 3-D surface shape even when 45 % of the stimulus points (or more) constituted noise.

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confidence: 99%

Aging and the discrimination of 3-D shape from motion and binocular disparity

Norman

Holmin

Beers

et al. 2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Researchers have investigated how human observers perceive depth and 3-D object shape from binocular disparity for more than 150 years (see, e.g., Helmholtz, 1867Helmholtz, /1925Ogle, 1950Ogle, , 1958Wheatstone, 1838). Computer-generated random-dot stereograms have been used since the 1960s to study stereopsis (the perception of depth and 3-D shape from binocular disparity; see, e.g., Julesz, 1960Julesz, , 1964Julesz, , 1971.…”

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Aging and the perception of 3-D shape from dynamic patterns of binocular disparity

Norman

Crabtree

Ann

et al. 2006

Perception & Psychophysics

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In two experiments, we investigated the ability of younger and older observers to perceive and discriminate 3-D shape from static and dynamic patterns of binocular disparity. In both experiments, the younger observers' discrimination accuracies were 20% higher than those of the older observers. Despite this quantitative difference, in all other respects the older observers performed similarly to the younger observers. Both age groups were similarly affected by changes in the magnitude of binocular younger observers. Both age groups were similarly affected by changes in the magnitude of binocular disparity, by reductions in binocular correspondence, and by increases in the speed of stereoscopic motion. In addition, observers in both age groups exhibited an advantage in performance for dynamic stereograms when the patterns of binocular disparity contained significant amounts of correspondence "noise." The process of aging does affect stereopsis, but the effects are quantitative rather than qualitative.

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“…The capability of an observer to perceive depth and 3-D object shape from binocular disparity is a well-studied issue (Helmholtz, 1925;Ogle, 1950Ogle, , 1958 and constitutes the theoretical basis for modern techniques of 3-D vision (Okoshi, 1976;Trucco and Verri, 1999), as well as a basic skill used in photogeological analyses (Allum, 1966;Lattmann, 1992;Miller, 1992). In the common practice, this indirect estimation can be more accurate than a single direct measurement carried out with a compass, especially in the case of very rough and irregular planar surfaces that require the use of support discs with increasing diameters (Fecker and Rengers, 1971;Hoek, 1972;ISRM, 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed rock failure susceptibility mapping in steep rocky coasts by means of non-contact geostructural surveys: the case study of the Tigullio Gulf (Eastern Liguria, Northern Italy)

Vita

Cevasco

Cavallo

2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this study, an engineering geological analysis for the assessment of the rock failure susceptibility of a high, steep, rocky coast was developed by means of non-contact geostructural surveys. The methodology was applied to a 6-km coastal cliff located in the Gulf of Tigullio (Northern Tyrrhenian Sea) between Rapallo and Chiavari.The method is based on the geostructural characterisation of outcropping rock masses through meso-and macroscale stereoscopic analyses of digital photos that were taken continuously from a known distance from the coastline. The results of the method were verified through direct surveys of accessible sample areas. The rock failure susceptibility of the coastal sector was assessed by analysing the fundamental rock slope mechanisms of instability and the results were implemented into a Geographic Information System (GIS).The proposed method is useful for rock failure susceptibility assessments in high, steep, rocky coastal areas, where accessibility is limited due to cliffs or steep slopes. Moreover, the method can be applied to private properties or any other area where a complete and systematic analysis of rock mass structural features cannot be achieved.Compared to direct surveys and to other non-contact methods based on digital terrestrial photogrammetry, the proposed procedure provided good quality data of the structural features of the rock mass at a low cost. Therefore, the method could be applied to similar coastal areas with a high risk of rock failure occurrence.

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Present Status of Our Knowledge of Stereoscopic Vision

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Aging and the discrimination of 3-D shape from motion and binocular disparity

Aging and the discrimination of 3-D shape from motion and binocular disparity

Aging and the perception of 3-D shape from dynamic patterns of binocular disparity

Detailed rock failure susceptibility mapping in steep rocky coasts by means of non-contact geostructural surveys: the case study of the Tigullio Gulf (Eastern Liguria, Northern Italy)

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