Present status of freshwater aquaculture in India - A review

Abstract

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing fisheries sector in India with an annual growth rate of over 7%. Freshwater aquaculture contributes over 95% of the total annual aquaculture production of 5.77 million t. Technologies of induced carp breeding and polyculture of the three Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) as well as ‘composite carp culture’ with the addition of three exotic carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio) in ponds and tanks brought about perceptible upward shift in freshwater aquaculture production. Of late, the sector has been witnessing diversification with the inclusion of medium and minor carps, catfishes and murrels. Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the top producers of freshwater fish through aquaculture. System diversification has resulted in optimum productivity of 3-6 t ha-1 yr-1. Public and private carp hatcheries produce around 40 billion fry. Fish requirement by 2020 is expected to touch 15 million t, of which around 9 million t would need to come from freshwater aquaculture. Input-related, social and environmental constraints of aquaculture in India need to be tackled through horizontal and vertical expansion, technology as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, for sustainable development.

Haemato-immunological responses and effectiveness of feed-based bivalent vaccine against Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infections in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus)

“…According to FAO [1], aquaculture is a fast-growing industry playing an important role in the food producing sector, and has provided good quality and affordable protein source throughout the world [2]. Due to rapid growth, suitability for aquaculture, high acceptability in the market and stable market prices, tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)…”

Application of Outer Membrane Protein-Based Vaccines Against Major Bacterial Fish Pathogens in India

“…In India, aquaculture is a rapidly growing fisheries sector with an annual growth rate of over 7% of which freshwater aquaculture contributed 95% of the total annual production of 5.77 mt (MT) by 2017 (7). As discussed by Jayasankar (8), advances in carp breeding technologies and traditional polyculture system have contributed to increased production of the three India major carp species, namely, catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), accounting for 70-75% of total freshwater production. This is followed by the culture of three exotic carp species comprising of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) that account for 20-30% of freshwater fish species.…”

Design and Performance Analysis of Rural Aquaculture Ponds using IoT

“…It illustrates the opportunities and challenges in open pond based fish farming. A review report on present status of fresh water aquaculture in India is presented in [5]. Here the author focused on the increasing demand of the fish requirement.…”