Present Status of Endemic Plants of Bangladesh

Abstract

The study of angiosperm flora, endemic plants in the literature, and investigations of ‘POWO Build a checklist’ were used to compile an updated list of Bangladesh's endemic plants. According to the study, at least 49 (1.24%) of Bangladesh's 3,956 plant species are endemic to the country including 5 varieties, belonging to 41 genera in 26 families. Magnoliopsida account for thirty of them, Liliopsida for the remaining sixteen, and Pteridohpytes for the final three. The four families Zingiberaceae (9 taxa), Araceae (6 taxa), Rubiaceae (4 taxa), and Euphorbiaceae (3 taxa), include the most endemic taxa. The five most numerous endemic taxa belong to the Curcuma genus. The endemic flora, which is mostly found in the districts of Chattogram, Moulvibazar, and Rangamati, consists of 13 tree species, 4 shrubs, 5 climbers, and 27 herbaceous plant species.

Market Diversification and Competitiveness of Fresh Grape Exports in Peru

“…This development reflects the consolidation of Peruvian grapes as a product of increasing importance on the global stage. In parallel, and in line with [11], the expansion of target markets underscores the importance of geographical diversification in the export strategy. However, instability in the variation of markets over time is observed, with initial growth followed by a contraction in 2022, the year with the lowest number of target markets.…”

“…This premise is particularly significant in the case of fresh grapes, an emblematic and high-value product in the global agro-industrial sector [10]. Market diversification is achieved through the penetration of new markets, the development of derivative products, and the promotion of innovative [11] and sustainable practices in viticulture and processing. However, effective and resilient diversification faces intricate challenges such as the volatility of the international market, tariff and non-tariff barriers, growing environmental awareness, and demands for quality and food safety standards [12], as well as logistical issues in product conservation [13].…”