Present Status of Disinfection of Water Supplies

Longley, Francis F.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1915.tb11858.x

Cited by 3 publications

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“…No matter the approach, for water workers protecting public health meant preventing disease-causing organisms, a danger invisible to the naked eye, from flowing through municipal systems to consumers’ mouths. Boosters of chlorine treatment touted its ability to save human lives, often citing declines in cases of typhoid fever after chlorination (Longley et al, 1915; Melosi, 2008). The cost, they noted, was significantly less than that of installing expensive filtration plants or the even less politically feasible proposal to reduce the population living in watershed regions.…”

Section: Poisoning the Poisonermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simple solution of poisoning the poisoner offered producers and politicians a way around the problematic of unseen contamination often linked with human activity: After all, one could measure and quantify the death rate – not just through the absence of bacteria in a sample, but also through tracking the number of deaths from endemic typhoid before and after treatment (e.g. Longley et al, 1915; Figure 1).…”

Section: Poisoning the Poisonermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water drinkers did not always agree that the consequent chlorine, which they could smell and taste in their water, was harmless. Discussion of disinfection efforts across the US and Canada in 1915 highlighted the challenges water workers faced in determining the best balance between appropriate disinfection and the danger of creating objectionable tastes and odors (Longley et al, 1915). ‘Chlorine has been at once the operators’ great benefactor and sore trial, as he has sought to preserve public health and avoid public condemnation through its use’, two chemists from the Grand Rapids Filtration plant cautioned water workers at the annual AWWA meeting in 1921 (Sperry and Billings, 1921: 603).…”

Section: Sensory Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production

Spackman

Burlingame

2018

Soc Stud Sci

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Sensory information signaled the acceptability of water for consumption for lay and professional people into the early twentieth century. Yet as the twentieth century progressed, professional efforts to standardize water-testing methods have increasingly excluded aesthetic information, preferring to rely on the objectivity of analytic information. Despite some highly publicized exceptions, consumer complaints remain peripheral to the making and regulating of drinking water. This exclusion is often attributed to the unreliability of the human senses in detecting danger. However, technical discussions among water professionals during the twentieth century suggest that this exclusion is actually due to sensory politics, the institutional and regulatory practices of inclusion or exclusion of sensory knowledge from systems of action. Water workers developed and turned to standardized analytical methods for detecting chemical and microbiological contaminants, and more recently sensory contaminants, a process that attempted to mitigate the unevenness of human sensing. In so doing, they created regimes of perception that categorized consumer sensory knowledge as aesthetic. By siloing consumers' sensory knowledge about water quality into the realm of the aesthetic instead of accommodating it in the analytic, the regimes of perception implemented during the twentieth century to preserve health have marginalized subjective experiences. Discounting the human experience with municipal water as irrelevant to its quality, control and regulation is out of touch with its intended use as an ingestible, and calls for new practices that engage consumers as valuable participants.

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Section: Poisoning the Poisonermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poisoning the Poisonermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensory Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production

Spackman

Burlingame

2018

Soc Stud Sci

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The History of Taste and Odor Control

Hassler¹

1941

Journal AWWA

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Spiral-shaped reactor for water disinfection

Soukane

Ait-Djoudi

Naceur

et al. 2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Chlorine based processes are still widely used for water disinfection. The disinfection process for municipal water consumption is usually carried out in large tanks, specifically designed to verify several hydraulic and disinfection criteria. The hydrodynamic behavior of contact tanks of different shapes, each with an approximate total volume of 50,000 m 3 , was analyzed by solving turbulent momentum transport equations with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, namely ANSYS fluent. Numerical experiments of a tracer pulse were performed for each design to generate flow through curves and investigate species residence time distribution for different inlet flow rates, ranging from 3 m 3 ·s -1 to 12 m 3 ·s -1 . A new nature inspired Conch tank design of which shape follows an Archimedean spiral was then developed. The spiral design is shown to strongly outperform the other tanks designs for all the selected plug flow criteria with an enhancement in efficiency, less short-circuiting and an order of magnitude improvement in mixing and dispersion. Moreover, following the intensification philosophy, after 50% reduction of its size, the new design retains its properties and still gives far better results than the classical shapes.

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Present Status of Disinfection of Water Supplies

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production

Sensory politics: The tug-of-war between potability and palatability in municipal water production

The History of Taste and Odor Control

Spiral-shaped reactor for water disinfection

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