Abstract:Streptomyces
is a Gram-positive bacterium, belonging to the family Streptomycetaceae and order Streptomycetales. Several strains from different species of
Streptomyces
can be used to promote the health and growth of artificially cultured fish and shellfish by producing secondary metabolites including antibiotics, anticancer agents, antiparasitic agents, antifungal agents, and enzymes (protease and amylase). Some
Streptomyces
strains also exhibit antagoni… Show more
“…When employed as probiotics, Bacillus can offer not only antimicrobial effects but also anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzymatic, and immunomodulatory activities [48][49][50]. The Streptomyces genus has also demonstrated in previous research its potential for use as a probiotic, with proven antimicrobial, antitumor, antiparasitic, antifungal, and enzymatic effects [51,52]. However, a comprehensive characterization is essential for both bacterial groups to confirm their safety.…”
Probiotics are increasingly recognized for their potential in managing bacterial challenges in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of Bacillus and Streptomyces strains, specifically their bioprotective ability against Salmonella. In agar inhibition assays, these bacteria supported Salmonella-inhibition zones, ranging from 2.5 ± 0.5 to 6.3 ± 2.0 mm. Analyses of antimicrobial metabolites revealed their capacity to produce compounds with anti-Salmonella properties, except for Bacillus subtilis MLB2. When Salmonella was exposed to lyophilized metabolites, inhibition occurred in both liquid (at concentrations between 250 and 500 g/L) and solid cultures (at 500 g/L). To confirm their probiotic potential, the S. griseus and Bacillus strains underwent evaluations for antimicrobial resistance, bile salt tolerance, auto- and co-aggregation, pH resistance, and their ability to adhere to and inhibit Salmonella in Caco-2 cells. These assessments confirmed their probiotic potential. The probiotic strains were further encapsulated and subjected to simulated swine and poultry digestion. They demonstrated survival potential through the gastrointestinal tract and significantly reduced the Salmonella population. Thus, these strains exhibit considerable promise for producing biotechnological products aimed at controlling Salmonella in animal production. This approach ensures the health and hygiene of farming facilities, mitigates the spread of zoonotic bacteria, and contributes positively to public health.
“…When employed as probiotics, Bacillus can offer not only antimicrobial effects but also anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzymatic, and immunomodulatory activities [48][49][50]. The Streptomyces genus has also demonstrated in previous research its potential for use as a probiotic, with proven antimicrobial, antitumor, antiparasitic, antifungal, and enzymatic effects [51,52]. However, a comprehensive characterization is essential for both bacterial groups to confirm their safety.…”
Probiotics are increasingly recognized for their potential in managing bacterial challenges in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of Bacillus and Streptomyces strains, specifically their bioprotective ability against Salmonella. In agar inhibition assays, these bacteria supported Salmonella-inhibition zones, ranging from 2.5 ± 0.5 to 6.3 ± 2.0 mm. Analyses of antimicrobial metabolites revealed their capacity to produce compounds with anti-Salmonella properties, except for Bacillus subtilis MLB2. When Salmonella was exposed to lyophilized metabolites, inhibition occurred in both liquid (at concentrations between 250 and 500 g/L) and solid cultures (at 500 g/L). To confirm their probiotic potential, the S. griseus and Bacillus strains underwent evaluations for antimicrobial resistance, bile salt tolerance, auto- and co-aggregation, pH resistance, and their ability to adhere to and inhibit Salmonella in Caco-2 cells. These assessments confirmed their probiotic potential. The probiotic strains were further encapsulated and subjected to simulated swine and poultry digestion. They demonstrated survival potential through the gastrointestinal tract and significantly reduced the Salmonella population. Thus, these strains exhibit considerable promise for producing biotechnological products aimed at controlling Salmonella in animal production. This approach ensures the health and hygiene of farming facilities, mitigates the spread of zoonotic bacteria, and contributes positively to public health.
“…Certain Streptomyces strains demonstrate antagonistic and antimicrobial capabilities against pathogens found in aquaculture environments. They achieve this by generating inhibitory substances like bacteriocins, siderophores, hydrogen peroxide, and organic acids, which are used to vie for nutrients and attachment sites within the host, thereby inhibiting the growth of these pathogens ( Butt et al, 2023 ).…”
“…Similarly, Streptomyces strains produce antagonistic compounds, including siderophores, to ward off bacterial infections and exhibit antiviral and antibiofilm properties as well. Streptomyces is also responsible for the production of industrially valuable enzymes and a diverse array of biologically active secondary metabolites, which encompass antibiotics, antioxidants, and anticancer agents ( Butt et al, 2023 ). In a broader context, microbial inoculants show great promise as tools for maintaining agricultural sustainability.…”
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms in agriculture present a considerable obstacle, resulting in approximately 30–40% crop damage. The use of conventional techniques to manage these microorganisms, i.e., applying chemical pesticides and antimicrobials, has been discovered to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Furthermore, these methods have contributed to the emergence of resistance among phytopathogens. Consequently, it has become imperative to investigate natural alternatives to address this issue. The Streptomyces genus of gram-positive bacteria is a potentially viable natural alternative that has been extensively researched due to its capacity to generate diverse antimicrobial compounds, such as metabolites and organic compounds. Scientists globally use diverse approaches and methodologies to extract new bioactive compounds from these bacteria. The efficacy of bioactive compounds in mitigating various phytopathogens that pose a significant threat to crops and plants has been demonstrated. Hence, the Streptomyces genus exhibits potential as a biological control agent for combating plant pathogens. This review article aims to provide further insight into the Streptomyces genus as a source of antimicrobial compounds that can potentially be a biological control against plant pathogens. The investigation of various bioactive compounds synthesized by this genus can enhance our comprehension of their prospective utilization in agriculture.
“…The application of ChatGPT in medical education has the potential to revolutionize the medical education model. By acting as a virtual teacher, ChatGPT can provide real-time and personalized feedback to students [ 6 ]. Figure 1.…”
With the vigorous development of ChatGPT and its application in the field of education, a new era of the collaborative development of human and artificial intelligence and the symbiosis of education has come. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education has the potential to revolutionize it. Large language models, such as ChatGPT, can be used as virtual teaching aids to provide students with individualized and immediate medical knowledge, and conduct interactive simulation learning and detection. In this paper, we discuss the application of ChatGPT in anatomy teaching and its various application levels based on our own teaching experiences, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT in anatomy teaching. ChatGPT increases student engagement and strengthens students’ ability to learn independently. At the same time, ChatGPT faces many challenges and limitations in medical education. Medical educators must keep pace with the rapid changes in technology, taking into account ChatGPT’s impact on curriculum design, assessment strategies and teaching methods. Discussing the application of ChatGPT in medical education, especially anatomy teaching, is helpful to the effective integration and application of artificial intelligence tools in medical education.
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