Present Status And Tendencies In Docking Systems’ Development

Abstract

The process of the ships docking, especially very large ships, is an very risky operation in confined and busy port waters. The similar difficult is the task to pass along any channel, river, strait or similar water road. The basic difficulty causes maneuvering with the great mass of the ship in situation of small space to maneuvers, the large inertia of the object and poor maneuvering properties at small speeds occurring in such circumstances. An additional factor, which make this task more difficult is the influence of the wind and the sea current on the hull of the inert ship as well as consequences of the limited visibility. The bad weather can cause the necessity to delay the maneuver. However this joins with heavy costs. An alternative is usage of systems supporting this process.In this paper nowadays accessible systems for augmentation the docking and harbor navigation are analysed. There are: shore based (active or passive) and ship based (active). This paper is prepared in the frame of Bonus project call 2012 ‘The Captain Assistant system for Navigation and Routing during Operations in Harbor’.

Berthing Assistant System Using Reference Points

“…However, often the sensors cannot be placed at arbitrary locations on the quay wall. Limited availability of cable niches [6], the dangers of mooring lines, high tides or flooding situations, and sight blocking fenders limit installation locations. In addition, the fixed range measurement locations limit BAS support to vessels of a certain predefined size to obtain appropriate bow and stern distance measurements of a vessel.…”

“…In addition, the fixed range measurement locations limit BAS support to vessels of a certain predefined size to obtain appropriate bow and stern distance measurements of a vessel. With respect to the use of LiDAR for BAS, cost, short detection ranges, and additional problems with dark-hulled vessels are reported by [6].…”

“…To support captains and pilots in challenging berthing maneuvers, Berthing Aid Systems (BAS) are being developed to enhance their situational awareness in high-workload situations. In general, two different approaches for BAS can be distinguished [6]: shipbased systems and shore-based assistance systems. Ship-based systems enhance vessels with sensor technology, such as port radars and Portable Pilot Units (PPU) that connect to on-board systems to create situational pictures based on GPS and automatic identification system (AIS) information to support pilots during their assistance.…”

Selected Problems of Ship Safety in the Process of Docking

“…An analysis of floatability and stability of the floating dock-docked ship system was discussed in (Stasiak, 2005). Accessible systems for augmentation the docking and harbor navigation are analyzed in (Felski et al, 2014). Location of docks is conditioned by a number of factors to which we can include sufficient depth of water to allow access from the water side, so as to allow docking the ships with the required draft including shipping conditions.…”

Measuring the Speed of Docking Ship with Total Station

“…can be identified with application areas, since the dock systems are used primarily while approaching the quay, when harbor or pilot systems usually mean those that are used in the course of passing dangerous or crowded waterways. In addition, depending on the location of their basic elements, the systems can be divided into the shore based and ship based [6]. On the other hand, as far as the ship's engagement is concerned, active and passive systems can be distinguished.…”