Present state of the solid and liquid density standards

Fujii, K.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/41/2/s01

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…These have been reviewed by Johnson et al, Künzel et al, Nieuwoudt and Shankland, and Kawata et al , Vibrating objects including the vibrating wire and torsional viscometers were described by Diller and van der Gulik Wagner and Kleinrahm, and Kuramoto et al all described methods of determining liquid densities while Fujii , described absolute density standards. Majer and Pádua and Stansfeld discussed vibrating body densimeters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vibrating Edge Supported Plate, Fabricated by the Methods of Micro Electro Mechanical System for the Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity: Results for Methylbenzene and Octane at Temperatures between (323 and 423) K and Pressures in the Range (0.1 to 68) MPa

Goodwin¹,

Donzier²,

Vancauwenberghe³

et al. 2005

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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In the petroleum industry, measurements of the density and viscosity of petroleum reservoir fluids are required to determine the value of the produced fluid and production strategy. These thermophysical properties are also useful for the design of separators and process equipment and to control production processes. To measure the density and viscosity of petroleum fluids requires a transducer that can operate up to reservoir conditions and, to guide value and exploitation calculations with sufficient rigor, provide results with an accuracy of about ± 1 % in density and ± 10 % in viscosity. Necessarily, these specifications place robustness as a superior priority to accuracy for the design. In this paper, we describe a Micro Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS) that is capable of providing both density and viscosity of fluids in which it is immersed at the desired operating conditions. This transducer is based on a vibrating plate, with dimensions of about 1 mm and mass of about 0.12 mg, clamped along one edge. The measured resonance frequency of the first bending mode in a vacuum at a temperature of 298 K is about 12 kHz with a quality factor about 2600. Measurements of the resonance frequency and quality factor of the first-order bending mode were combined with semiempirical working equations and the mechanical properties of the plate to determine the density and viscosity when immersed in methylbenzene at temperatures of (323 and 373) K and octane at temperatures between (323 and 423) K both at pressures below 68 MPa where the density varies between (619 and 890) kg·m-3 and the viscosity varies from (0.205 to 0.711) mPa·s. The measurements in methylbenzene at pressures between (0.1 and 68) MPa and a temperature of 323 K were used to determine the adjustable parameters in the semiempirical working equations. The expanded (k = 2) (twice the standard deviation) uncertainty, including the calibration, in density is about ± 0.2 % and in viscosity is about ± 2.5 %; at a temperature of 423 K, the expanded uncertainty in viscosity is about 6 %. The results obtained at temperatures below 423 K differed by less than ± 0.3 % for density and less than ± 5 % for viscosity from either accepted correlations of literature values or results documented by others with experimental techniques that utilize different principles and have quite different sources of systematic error. These differences are within a reasonable multiple of the relative combined expanded uncertainty of our measurements. For octane at a temperature of 423 K, the measured viscosity differed by less than 13 % from literature values while the density differed by less than ± 0.5 %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vibrating Edge Supported Plate, Fabricated by the Methods of Micro Electro Mechanical System for the Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity: Results for Methylbenzene and Octane at Temperatures between (323 and 423) K and Pressures in the Range (0.1 to 68) MPa

Goodwin¹,

Donzier²,

Vancauwenberghe³

et al. 2005

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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show abstract

“…By using an optical interferometer, Fujii [13] reduced the relative uncertainty for the volume of a steel sphere to as low as 10 À11 . He used a silicon sphere instead of a cylinder or a cube because it is less susceptible to damage and spheres are available with excellent sphericities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate density measurements for a 91% methane natural gas-like mixture

Patil

Ejaz

Atilhan

et al. 2007

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…The current state of the art was reviewed by Fujii. 2 The diameters of nearly-perfect spheres of singlecrystal silicon are measured by optical interferometry, thus defining the dimensions in terms of the SI definition of the metre. The mass of the sphere (often near 1 kg) is determined by a comparison weighing with national mass standards.…”

Section: Solid Density Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 4. Density Standards and Traceability

McLinden¹

2014

Volume Properties

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Present state of the solid and liquid density standards

Cited by 36 publications

References 77 publications

A Vibrating Edge Supported Plate, Fabricated by the Methods of Micro Electro Mechanical System for the Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity: Results for Methylbenzene and Octane at Temperatures between (323 and 423) K and Pressures in the Range (0.1 to 68) MPa

A Vibrating Edge Supported Plate, Fabricated by the Methods of Micro Electro Mechanical System for the Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity: Results for Methylbenzene and Octane at Temperatures between (323 and 423) K and Pressures in the Range (0.1 to 68) MPa

Accurate density measurements for a 91% methane natural gas-like mixture

CHAPTER 4. Density Standards and Traceability

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