Present position regarding breeding of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in India

Mukherjee, Sunil Kumar; Singh, Rashmi; Majumder, Pradip K.; Sharma, Divya

doi:10.1007/bf00056248

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Only a few cultivars have been developed using deliberate open-pollination or cross-pollination. Most of the commercial material has been selected from chance seedlings or clones, usually on the basis of the quality of their fruit (Mukherjee et al, 1968;Lavi et al, 1993Lavi et al, , 1997Usman et al, 2001;Pinto et al, 2015). Plant improvement in the crop is difficult because of the long juvenile period of the trees before they begin to fruit, the large variation in the performance of established clones, and the large area required to grow and assess potential commercial material.…”

Section: Dwarfing Scions To Reduce Tree Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Can the productivity of mango orchards be increased by using high-density plantings?

Menzel¹,

Lagadec²

2017

Scientia Horticulturae

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a b s t r a c tMango (Mangifera indica) trees are traditionally established at about 100-200 trees per ha and eventually grow into large specimens 10 m tall or more, making spraying and harvesting difficult. It also takes a long time to recover the initial costs of establishing and maintaining the orchard. There has been considerable interest in planting orchards up to 4000 trees per ha to take advantage of early production and to increase economic returns. However, trees planted at high density soon begin to crowd and shade each other and production falls. We reviewed the performance of high-density orchards in different growing areas, and the role of dwarfing cultivars and rootstocks, tree canopy management and the growth regulator, paclobutrazol to control tree growth. There has been no general agreement on the optimum planting density for commercial orchards which vary from 200-4000 trees per ha in different experiments. Some potential dwarfing material has been developed in India and elsewhere, but these cultivars and rootstocks have not been widely integrated into high-density orchards. Canopy management needs to take into account the effect of pruning on the regrowth of the shoots and branches, light distribution through the canopy and the loss of the leaves that support the developing crop. Pruning must also take into account the effect of vegetative growth on flower initiation. Annual light pruning usually provides better fruit production than more severe pruning conducted less regularly. There have only been a few cases where it has been demonstrated that paclobutrazol can counteract the negative effect of pruning on flowering and fruit production. There are also concerns with residues of this chemical in export markets and contamination of ground waters. The future development of high-density plantings in this crop is dependent on the use of dwarfing cultivars and/or rootstocks and better canopy management strategies. Dwarfing cultivars and rootstocks should provide small-to medium-sized trees with medium to large yields. This can readily be identified in experiments by examining the relationship between yield and tree growth. Research on canopy management should assess the impact of pruning on flowering, light distribution within the canopy and the leaf area supporting the developing crop. The productivity of mango is not likely to be increased by the use of high-density plantings without extensive efforts in plant breeding and canopy management.Crown

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Section: Dwarfing Scions To Reduce Tree Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the cultivars grown in India are at least 400 years old (Mukherjee et al, 1968). There are more than 100 different cultivars in some parts of India, including West Bengal (Mitra et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the productivity of mango orchards be increased by using high-density plantings?

Menzel¹,

Lagadec²

2017

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…The prevalence of selfincompatibility was clearly established in the monoembryonic Indian cultivar 'Dashehari' by Singh et al (1962). Subsequently, detailed studies have indicated that the four popular monoembryonic cultivars of northern India are also self-incompatible as a result of developmental abortion after zygote formation (Mukherjee et al, 1968;Sharma and Singh, 1970). Thus, the presence of self-incompatibility in 'Irwin', which is a lineage of Indian-Floridian monoembryonic cultivars, has been suggested.…”

Section: Determination Of the Male Parent Of Open-pollinated Progeniesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the biggest disadvantage of this technique is the relatively low number of hybrids generated per number of panicles crossed . Mukherjee et al (1968) reported that only about 106 fruits were obtained as a result of crossing more than 18,000 flowers in their primary trials. Subsequently, Mukherjee et al (1961) and Singh et al (1980) improved the technique of controlled closed pollination, for which the number of flowers per panicle available for pollination is limited (maximum of 10), by utilizing a larger number of panicles since it is very rare for a panicle to bear more than one fruit to maturity; however, even when using such a method, no more than 3.85% of fruit actually sets, compared to the 0.23-1.57% efficiency of other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Hybrid Formation by Open-pollination of Two Cultivars in a Closed Plastic House and the Effect of the Male Parent on Fruit Characteristics in Mango

Honsho

Inada

Yuji

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Although Japanese mango is produced under a fairly unique cultivation system and fetches high prices at market, further growth of the mango industry in Japan requires the development of new cultivars. However, since individual mango flowers are quite small, no more than 1 cm in diameter, a large number of skilled workers is necessary for artificial pollination, thus making it difficult to obtain a sufficient number of progenies for breeding. We therefore evaluated a methodology whereby progenies were obtained by open pollination and their male parent was subsequently determined by DNA markers. Two mango cultivars ('Irwin' and 'Beni-Keitt') were arranged in a plastic house and honeybees were released as a pollen vector for open pollination. Harvested fruits were characterized and their seeds were sown in a bed. The male parent of the germinated seedlings was then identified by five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. As a result of SSR genotyping, the male parents of 185 of 239 'Irwin' seedlings were revealed; 79 were obtained by self-pollination and 106 from out-crossing. For 'BeniKeitt', the male parent of 14 of the 20 seedlings was determined with two self-pollinated and 12 out-crossed. Preferential out-crossing in 'Irwin' was revealed using the chi-square test, although the considerable number of self-pollinated fruit obtained shows that a sufficient number of fruit can be set in a single-planted orchard. The effect of the male parent on fruit characteristics was subsequently examined, revealing that in 'Irwin' the Brix value of self-pollinated fruits was significantly higher than that of cross-pollinated fruits. Certain color values were, however, lower in self-pollinated 'Irwin' fruits.

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“…The percentage of fruit set in a mango panicle is less than 1% (Usman et al 2001) and is dependant on the pollination compatibility of the cultivars, the number of hermaphrodite flowers, pollen viability and the environmental conditions during pollination. Pollination self-incompatibility has been demonstrated in the cultivars 'Dashehari', 'Langra', 'Chausa' and 'Bombay Green' (Singh et al 1962;Mukherjee et al 1968;Sharma and Singh 1970;Desai and Bhandwalkar 1995). However, the situation with 'Langra' is not clear with Narayana Swamy et al (1989) finding it to be self-fertile.…”

Section: Pollination and Compatibilitymentioning

confidence: 96%