Present genetic structure revealed by microsatellites reflects recent history of the Finnish moose (Alces alces)

Kangas, Veli‐Matti; Kvist, Laura; Laaksonen, Sauli; Nygrén, Tuire; Aspi, Jouni

doi:10.1007/s10344-013-0712-0

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the studied moose populations, the number of alleles ranged from 4 (locus MAF46 in the Srokowo State Forest) to 12 (locus McM58 in the Biebrza Valley). These results are generally consistent with reports for other moose populations (Schmidt et al 2009;Kangas et al 2013). For example, in the Finnish moose population, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 15 (Kangas et al 2013) and in Alaska moose from 3 to 12 (Schmidt et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…For the total sample, the observed heterozygosity (H O ) ranged from 0.594 (locus McM58) to 0.770 (locus MAF46), averaging 0.769 across loci, while expected heterozygosity (H E ) ranged from 0.688 (MAF70) to 0.874 (BM1225; Table 2). Among all the moose populations studied so far, average H E across loci was highest in eastern Poland (0.781; Table 2): slightly higher than in the moose population from Finland (Kangas et al 2013) and considerably higher than in other moose populations from Sweden (Charlier et al 2008), Norway (Haanes et al 2011), Alaska (Schmidt et al 2009), and Canada ; Table 2). Although we examined about three times fewer individuals than in the Norwegian study and despite our samples represented a much smaller area, the H E value we obtained for eastern Poland was somewhat higher than for the population in Norway (0.630-0.650; Haanes et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the biological and socioeconomic importance of moose, only a few studies have used microsatellite loci to examine population genetic structure and diversity for European moose populations (Charlier et al 2008;Haanes et al 2011;Kangas et al 2013). Microsatellites have been considered the markers of choice because they are highly polymorphic, codominant, and amenable to PCR technique (e.g., Kohler et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture promotes genetic variation in bottlenecked moose populations in eastern Poland

et al. 2015

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Human activity has led to severe bottlenecks in many wildlife species in the recent past. This usually increases the strength of genetic drift, leading to loss of genetic variation. Gene flow may however counteract the genetic consequences of small population size. Using 11 of 38 tested microsatellite loci and five moose populations in eastern Poland, we investigated the effects of two phenomena: bottlenecks that occurred in the nineteenth century and the first half of twentieth century, and admixture after moose populations expanded demographically and spatially in eastern Poland after the Second World War. The statistical tests indicated a recent bottleneck in all the studied samples with respect to H E and low Garza-Williamson index values. The Biebrza population, which consists of autochthonous moose representing a branch of the Central Europe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade and immigrants belonging to the Ural clade, is one of the most variable populations of this species. AMOVA, PCA, and STRUCTURE analyses all revealed significant population structuring, with most probable existence of K=2 genetically distinct clusters that exhibited a relatively high level of admixture. Analysis of recent dispersal rates demonstrated that population from the Biebrza Valley may supply individuals to the other four studied moose populations. We also found female-biased sex ratio in nonharvested moose populations inhabiting eastern Poland.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Admixture promotes genetic variation in bottlenecked moose populations in eastern Poland

et al. 2015

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“…The heterozygosity ( H E ) of European moose that we detected was high in most study sites (range 0.57–0.74) and is within the range previously reported from Fennoscandia ( H E = 0.57–0.75: Charlier et al ., ; Haanes et al ., ; Kangas et al ., ) and slightly higher than in North America ( H E = 0.45–0.64: Hundertmark, ; Schmidt et al ., ). For mtDNA, haplotype diversity is greatest in Asia, followed by North America and Europe (Niedziałkowska et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The contemporary genetic pattern of European moose is shaped by postglacial recolonization, bottlenecks, and the geographical barrier of the Baltic Sea

Niedziałkowska

Hundertmark

Jędrzejewska

et al. 2015

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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To investigate genetic diversity and the population structure of the European moose (Alces alces), we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci for 694 samples collected across 16 localities. The highest genetic diversity was detected in Belarus and Russia and the lowest was found in Scandinavia. Two major genetic clusters existed, Scandinavian and continental, and some further spatial structure was detected. There was high concordance between the spatial distribution of microsatellite clusters analyzed in the present study and previously recognized mitochondrial DNA clades of moose. The split of genetic lineages calculated using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) occurred at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum: approximately 29 000 and 28 000 years BP. A range‐wide bottleneck detected by ABC took place 1800–1200 years BP, although a more recent decline in moose numbers was also documented in the 18th to early 20th Century. Genetic differentiation in European moose increased with geographical distance, and the Baltic Sea appeared to be a barrier to gene flow. We conclude that isolation in different glacial refugia, postglacial colonization, and declines of range and numbers in Holocene shaped the present pattern of genetic diversity of European moose. Based on genetic divergence and a lack of apparent gene flow, the contemporary Scandinavian and continental subpopulations should be treated as separate management units.

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“…This differentiation has been variously explained with ancient and/or more recent events (Charlier et al ., ; Haanes et al ., ; Świsłocka et al ., ). Moreover, significant spatial genetic structure has been detected within the Finnish moose population (Kangas et al ., ; Niedziałkowska et al ., ), although the exact location(s) of subpopulation boundaries and the levels of admixture remain unclear. All previous genetic studies on moose applied either nuclear or sex‐linked markers alone, limiting their capability to disentangle the underlying mechanisms behind the population structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of post‐glacial secondary contact and subsequent anthropogenic influence on the genetic composition of Fennoscandian moose (Alces alces)

Kangas

Kvist

Холодова

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim To determine whether a contemporary population of the moose (Alces alces), a large northern ungulate, retains genetic signatures of post-glacial recolonization and/or the effects of anthropogenic factors. We focused on investigating spatial genetic structure and the distribution of genetic diversity of this species to clarify its still obscure history.Location Eastern Fennoscandia, Northern Europe.Methods In total, 574 Finnish and Russian Karelian moose were genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci, and the mitochondrial control region was sequenced from 224 individuals. Spatially explicit Bayesian clustering, multivariate and spatial autocorrelation methods were applied alongside traditional F-statistics to study the effects of landscape on genetic structure. The demographic history of our study populations was explored with coalescent analysis and Bayesian skyline plots.Results A major mitochondrial divergence of moose was discovered between northern parts of Finland and the rest of the studied area. Landscape genetic analyses on the microsatellite data identified three genetic clusters connected by clines, with coalescent analysis indicating the division to be of ancient origin. Additionally, recent population bottlenecks were detected using Bayesian skyline plots. Main conclusionsOur results indicate a post-glacial secondary contact between two distinct moose mitochondrial lineages that diverged during the Pleistocene, whereas admixture of three diverged genetic subpopulations was detected using microsatellites. The emergence of these subpopulations was estimated to have occurred after the post-glacial recolonization of Fennoscandia. The observed genetic bottlenecks coincide with recorded historical population declines in the 18th century. We conclude that the contemporary genetic composition of the moose population in eastern Fennoscandia has been affected by both ancient and recent factors.

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Present genetic structure revealed by microsatellites reflects recent history of the Finnish moose (Alces alces)

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Admixture promotes genetic variation in bottlenecked moose populations in eastern Poland

Admixture promotes genetic variation in bottlenecked moose populations in eastern Poland

The contemporary genetic pattern of European moose is shaped by postglacial recolonization, bottlenecks, and the geographical barrier of the Baltic Sea

Evidence of post‐glacial secondary contact and subsequent anthropogenic influence on the genetic composition of Fennoscandian moose (Alces alces)

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