Present-day kinematics of the Sundaland plate

Yong, Chien Zheng; Denys, Paul; Pearson, Christopher

doi:10.1515/jag-2016-0024

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is why we did not consider the sites suspected to be affected by the toroidal crustal flow while estimating the Euler pole of rotation for Sundaland. Previous studies (Simons et al, 2007; Vigny et al, 2003; Yong et al, 2017) also followed the same strategy, and our present result is also consistent with their estimates (Table S2).…”

Section: Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We have analyzed 265 geodetic data sets from India (Banerjee et al, 2008; Dumka et al, 2019; Gahalaut et al, 2013, 2018; Jade et al, 2017; Mahesh, Catherine, et al, 2012; Mahesh, Gahalaut, et al, 2012; Mallick et al, 2019), Bangladesh (Mallick et al, 2019; Steckler et al, 2016), Myanmar (Aung et al, 2016; Mallick et al, 2019; Maurin et al, 2010; Socquet et al, 2006; Vigny et al, 2003), and Sunda plate (or also called Sundaland platelet) (Simons et al, 2007; Vigny et al, 2003; Yong et al, 2017) covering the entire IBA and adjacent region (Figure 1a). In order to minimize reference frame bias in our analysis, we transformed all these data into a uniform and consistent reference frame, ITRF2014, using the National Geodetic Survey's horizontal time‐dependent positioning tool (https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml), instead of solving for the Helmert transformation parameters as it needs several common sites which are lacking in this case (Hessami et al, 2006; Nocquet, 2012).…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

et al. 2020

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Plate motion along the Indo‐Burmese Arc (IBA), strain accommodation in the Indo‐Burmese wedge, status of active convergence and seismic vulnerability in the outer wedge, is a matter of concern due to the large population density in northeast India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. In the present study, we have constrained the India‐Sunda plate motion by estimating the Euler pole using updated GPS observations from the region. Our estimated India‐Sunda relative plate motion at a point on the blind megathrust (24°N and 90°E) in Bangladesh constrains India‐Sunda relative motion at ~37 mm/year oriented along N11°E. This motion is partitioned among three major active units, namely, the Sagaing Fault (~18 mm/year), Churachandpur‐Mao Fault (~17 mm/year), and the blind megathrust (~7 mm/year), from west to east of the IBA, respectively. Our estimate of convergence across the blind megathrust is significantly lower than that estimated earlier. Due to large scatter in the data close to the updip edge of the blind megathrust, it is not certain whether it is accommodated through shallow creep or in stick‐slip manner, thus leading to uncertainty in the seismic hazard in this densely populated region.

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Section: Analysis and Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

et al. 2020

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“…Meanwhile, earthquake records in the eastern and southern parts are sparse. Gill et al [39] and Yong et al [40] supported these evidences by their analyses on the tectonic deformation by using GPS data and revealed that due to large magnitude regional earthquakes the average displacements of the northern (NW and NE) and central west of Peninsular Malaysia were higher than its southern and central east parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Intraplate earthquake occurrence and distribution in Peninsular Malaysia over the past 100 years

Nazaruddin

Düerrast

2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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Peninsular Malaysia is tectonically situated on a stable craton (intraplate) and so far experiences relatively little earthquake activities, thus considered as a region with low seismicity. This study uses earthquake data from 59 events obtained from various sources in the period 1922 to 2020. The overall seismicity in the study area is low as expected due to the general intraplate setting. Earthquakes occurred onshore and offshore of Peninsular Malaysia between latitudes 1° and 7° N and longitudes 99° and 105° E. The seismicity pattern shows that the epicenters are distributed spatially in some parts of the peninsula and in the Malacca Strait with several epicenter zones. Most of earthquakes are associated with several preexisting faults and fault zones indicating that they are the major contributor to the local seismicity. Meanwhile, some further earthquakes were caused by activities related to reservoirs. Magnitudes are ranging from Mw 0.7 to 5.4 with the majority is Mw 1.0 + and 2.0 +. Hypocenters are located in between 1 and 167 km deep (shallow to intermediate earthquakes) with the majority being shallow earthquakes (1–70 km). The deepest earthquake located in the Straits of Malacca can be associated with a slab detachment broken off from the Sumatran Subduction Zone. Finally, this study contributes to the understanding of the intraplate seismicity of Peninsular Malaysia as a basis for seismic hazard and risk assessment.Article Highlights Earthquake assessment over the last 100 year reveals low but clear seismicity with an associated seismic hazard and risk for certain areas. Shallow, low-magnitude earthquakes associated with reservoir activities and preexisting faults reactivated by the nearby subduction zone. A deeper, low-magnitude earthquake can be related to slab detachment from the Sumatran subduction zone toward the east.

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“…In particular, azimuthal variations in receiver functions show distinct crustal structure below the Jurong Group and Bukit Timah granite, indicating the presence of the Bukit Timah fault. Old faults in this area can be reactivated by postseismic deformation following large earthquakes at the nearby Sumatran subduction zone (Yong et al, 2017). Therefore, geological faults in and close-by to Singapore pose a seismic hazard to this densely populated area and warrant further characterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Scale Crustal Structure Beneath Singapore Using Receiver Functions From a Dense Urban Nodal Array

Lythgoe

Qing

Wei

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Geophysics has a role to play in the development of "smart cities". This is particularly true for Singapore, one of the world's most densely populated countries. Imaging of Singapore's subsurface is required to identify geological faults, model shaking from future earthquakes, and provide a framework for underground development. A noninvasive geophysical technique that is well suited for urban areas is passive seismic surveys using compact seismic instruments called nodes. Here we image Singapore's crustal structure using receiver functions generated by a 40-day deployment of a 88 station nodal array. We generate high resolution receiver functions, despite the noisy environment and short recording time and also create common-conversion point images. Our results reveal a complex crustal structure, containing multiple discontinuities. Azimuthal variations indicate a distinct change in crustal structure on either side of the postulated Bukit Timah fault, which has implications for seismic hazard.Plain Language Summary By 2050 over two thirds of the global population is expected to live in cities (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019). Such dense population centers increase the exposure to nearby natural hazards such as earthquakes. Rapid urbanization also creates an ever pressing need to understand the subsurface of our cities, for example, for underground development. One technological advancement that allows us to image the subsurface of cities are passive seismic surveys using nodes. Nodes are small seismic instruments that can be deployed in urban areas such as schools and parks. We present results of a passive seismic survey using 88 nodes deployed in Singapore for 40 days. We generate high resolution receiver functions across the array, despite the short recording time, by using array stacking techniques. The dense nature of the array also allows continuous high frequency signals to be traced. Our results reveal that the structure of the crust is different on either side of the Bukit Timah fault, which agrees with geological information. Ancient faults in peninsula Malaysia have been reactivated in the recent past due to stress transfer from the Sumatran subduction zone; therefore, a geological fault under a densely populated urban center warrants further study for seismic hazard.

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Present-day kinematics of the Sundaland plate

Abstract: Great earthquakes (≥M8.0) often cause widespread postseismic decay in areas well beyond any recognised plate boundaries. The M

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

Intraplate earthquake occurrence and distribution in Peninsular Malaysia over the past 100 years

Large‐Scale Crustal Structure Beneath Singapore Using Receiver Functions From a Dense Urban Nodal Array

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