Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone

Meade, Brendan J.

doi:10.1130/g22924a.1

Cited by 286 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is most probably due to the absence of GPS data in this region. Meade (2007) suggested that the optimal locking depth for the faults was 17 km, in good agreement with the seismic moment release from the historical catalogue. Thatcher (2007) produced a similar 11-microplate model for Tibet based upon 349 GPS measurements, and similarly proposed low slip rates of 5-12 mm a À1 for Tibet's major strike-slip faults, in contrast to the large slip rates from earlier studies consisting of larger blocks (e.g.…”

Section: 'Rigid Block' Modelssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Additionally, they are used in block or continuum models for the plateau (e.g. the microplate models of Meade (2007) and Thatcher (2007)) or are combined with Quaternary-derived fault slip estimates to provide far-field constraints to lithospheric deformation models (England & Molnar 2005;He & Chery 2008). At present the distribution of GPS stations presents a problem in measuring the interseismic strain accumulation because of the relatively large spacing of stations compared with the fault spacing, even in the more densely sampled eastern plateau.…”

Section: Gps Measurements In Tibetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these are not direct determinations of slip rate and are not independent measurements as they are usually constrained by GPS data (e.g. Meade 2007) and sometimes additionally by the Quaternary estimates on faults (e.g. England & Molnar 2005).…”

Section: Plateau-scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these three observation-derived slip-rate estimates, attempts have been made to model the deformation of Asia and infer slip rates from these, although many are constrained by GPS observations or Quaternary faulting (e.g. England & Molnar 2005;Meade 2007). …”

Section: Altyn Tagh Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meade (2007) produced a kinematic model of the India-Asia collision zone based upon 554 GPS observations from Zhang et al (2004) and Shen et al (2005) in which they estimated slip rates on faults bounding 17 blocks. Estimates for the major strike-slip faults on the plateau are relatively low at c. 5-10 mm a À1 , but in western Tibet the model suggested a relatively large 15 mm a À1 right-lateral fault along a microplate boundary where there is no evidence for one.…”

Section: 'Rigid Block' Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Searle

Elliott

Phillips

et al. 2011

JGS

231

154

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Crustal shortening and thickening to c. 70-85 km in the Tibetan Plateau occurred both before and mainly after the c. 50 Ma India-Asia collision. Potassic-ultrapotassic shoshonitic and adakitic lavas erupted across the Qiangtang (c. 50-29 Ma) and Lhasa blocks (c. 30-10 Ma) indicate a hot mantle, thick crust and eclogitic root during that period. The progressive northward underthrusting of cold, Indian mantle lithosphere since collision shut off the source in the Lhasa block at c. 10 Ma. Late Miocene-Pleistocene shoshonitic volcanic rocks in northern Tibet require hot mantle. We review the major tectonic processes proposed for Tibet including 'rigid-block', continuum and crustal flow as well as the geological history of the major strikeslip faults. We examine controversies concerning the cumulative geological offsets and the discrepancies between geological, Quaternary and geodetic slip rates. Low present-day slip rates measured from global positioning system and InSAR along the Karakoram and Altyn Tagh Faults in addition to slow long-term geological rates can only account for limited eastward extrusion of Tibet since Mid-Miocene time. We conclude that despite being prominent geomorphological features sometimes with wide mylonite zones, the faults cut earlier formed metamorphic and igneous rocks and show limited offsets. Concentrated strain at the surface is dissipated deeper into wide ductile shear zones.

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Section: 'Rigid Block' Modelssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Gps Measurements In Tibetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateau-scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Altyn Tagh Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 'Rigid Block' Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Searle

Elliott

Phillips

et al. 2011

JGS

231

154

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Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system with 3‐D numerical models

et al. 2014

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The impact of mechanical layering and the strength of the Indian lower crust on the dynamics of the modern India-Asia collisional system are studied using 3-D thermomechanical modeling. The model includes an Indian oceanic domain, Indian continental domain, and an Asian continental domain. Each domain consists of four layers: upper/lower crust, and upper/lower lithospheric mantle. The Tarim and Sichuan Basins are modeled as effectively rigid blocks and the Quetta-Chaman and Sagaing strike-slip faults as vertical weak zones. The geometry, densities, and viscosities are constrained by geophysical data sets (CRUST2.0, gravity, and seismology). Both static (no horizontal movement of model boundaries) and dynamic scenarios (indentation) are modeled. It is demonstrated that 3-D viscosity distributions resulting from typical creep flow laws and temperature fields generate realistic surface velocities. Lateral variations in the gravitational potential energy cause locally significant tectonic overpressure (i.e., difference between pressure and lithostatic pressure) in a mechanically strong Indian lower crust (up to~500 MPa for the static scenario and~800 MPa for the dynamic scenario). Different density distributions in the lithosphere as well as different viscosities (3 orders of magnitude) in the Indian lower crust cause only minor differences in the surface velocity field. This result suggests that

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Nailing down the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault

Vernant

Chéry

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Previous estimates of the geodetic and geologic slip rates of the 1500 km long Altyn Tagh fault bordering the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau vary by a factor of five. Proposed reasons for these discrepancies include poor GPS geometry, interpretative errors in terrace morphology, and changes in fault slip rate over time. Here we present results from a new dense GPS array orthogonal to the fault at~86.2°E that indicates a velocity of 9.0 À3.2 / +4.4 mm/yr, in close agreement with geomorphologic estimates at the same location. Our estimated geodetic slip rate is consistent with recent geological slip rates based on terrace offsets. The resulting mean combined geological and geodetic slip rate (9.0 ± 4.0 mm/yr) is remarkably uniform for the central 800 km of the Altyn Tagh fault, significantly lower than early kinematic estimates and consistent with deformation elsewhere in Tibet and central Asia.

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Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone

Cited by 286 publications

References 30 publications

Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Crustal–lithospheric structure and continental extrusion of Tibet

Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system with 3‐D numerical models

Nailing down the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault

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