Present-day erosion rate of north polar scarps on Mars due to active mass wasting

Fanara, Lida; Gwinner, K.; Hauber, Ernst; Oberst, J.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113434

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Studying this debris provides access to the sub-surface material of the lowermost exposed layers of the NPLD. Studies of the sublimation of the avalanche debris [16] indicate that the original material is ice-rich. However, it is often difficult to tell where exactly along the scarp the material came from, since a detailed composition-based stratigraphic column at the visible bed-scale is still elusive.…”

Section: The Seasonal Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars and the ESA Science Programme - the case for Mars polar science

Thomas

Becerra

2021

Exp Astron

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Current plans within the European Space Agency (ESA) for the future investigation of Mars (after the ExoMars programme) are centred around participation in the Mars Sample Return (MSR) programme led by NASA. This programme is housed within the Human and Robotic Exploration (HRE) Directorate of ESA. This White Paper, in response to the Voyage 2050 call, focuses on the important scientific objectives for the investigation of Mars outside the present HRE planning. The achievement of these objectives by Science Directorate missions is entirely consistent with ESA’s Science Programme. We illustrate this with a theme centred around the study of the Martian polar caps and the investigation of recent (Amazonian) climate change produced by known oscillations in Mars’ orbital parameters. Deciphering the record of climate contained within the polar caps would allow us to learn about the climatic evolution of another planet over the past few to hundreds of millions of years, and also addresses the more general goal of investigating volatile-related dynamic processes in the Solar System.

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Section: The Seasonal Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars and the ESA Science Programme - the case for Mars polar science

Thomas

Becerra

2021

Exp Astron

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“…In particular, dust avalanches and ice-block falls, are probably related to thermoelastic stresses [2]. Ice-block falls are playing a significant role of active erosion at the north polar scarps of Mars [3,4,5]. Data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), including multi-temporal images with scales of up to~0.25m/pixel, make it possible to identify small-scale changes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), including multi-temporal images with scales of up to~0.25m/pixel, make it possible to identify small-scale changes [6]. Fanara et al (2019) estimated the erosion rate of a scarp by detecting block falls and have found seven areas with similarly fractured scarps [5], from which ice-fragments detach and finally fall as ice-blocks. Figure 1 shows three sets of examples from different scarps, where icefragments have been detected in Mars Year 31 and have disappeared in Mars Year 32 (red arrows).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and characteristics of block falls at the Martian north polar scarps

Su¹,

Fanara²,

Xin³

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We are exploring mass wasting at the scarps of the Martian North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) by probing into collapsed ice-fragments using multi-temporal HiRISE images. We apply change detection techniques to the images in areas of steep scarps and then determine sizes and volumes of the ice-fragments using boundary mapping in image pyramids. Our aim is to map the sources of block fall events through time, estimate volumes of displaced material and investigate their seasonality in order to better understand the behavior of the ice scarps and gain insights into their evolution.

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“…. Annual avalanches and block falls are amongst the most noticeable surface processes that can be directly linked with the extent of the latter dynamics (Fanara et al, 2020) 3 . New remote sensing approaches based on machine learning allow us to make precise records of the aforementioned mass wasting activity by automatically extracting and analyzing bulk information obtained from satellite imagery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer vision model for detecting block falls at the martian north polar region.

Martynchuk¹,

Fanara²,

Hauber³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Dynamic changes of Martian north polar scarps present a valuable insight into the planet's natural climate cycles (Byrne, 2009; Head et al., 2003)1,2. Annual avalanches and block falls are amongst the most noticeable surface processes that can be directly linked with the extent of the latter dynamics (Fanara et al, 2020)3. New remote sensing approaches based on machine learning allow us to make precise records of the aforementioned mass wasting activity by automatically extracting and analyzing bulk information obtained from satellite imagery.&#160; Previous studies have concluded that a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier trained using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) can be used to efficiently detect block falls, even against backgrounds with increased complexity (Fanara et al., 2020)4. We hypothesise that this pretrained model can now be utilized to generate an extended dataset of labelled image data, sufficient in size to opt for a deep learning approach. On top of improving the detection model we also attempt to address the image co-registration protocol. Prior research has suggested this to be a substantial bottleneck, which reduces the amounts of suitable images. We plan to overcome these limitations either by extending our model to include multi-sensor data, or by deploying improved methods designed for exclusively optical data (e.g.&#160; COSI-CORR software (Ayoub, Leprince and Avouac, 2017)5).&#160; The resulting algorithm should be a robust solution capable of improving on the already established baselines of 75.1% and 8.5% for TPR and FDR respectively (Fanara et al., 2020)4. The NPLD is our primary area of interest due to it&#8217;s high levels of activity and good satellite image density, yet we also plan to apply our pipeline to different surface changes and Martian regions as well as on other celestial objects.&#160;1. Head, J.W., Mustard, J.F., Kreslavsky, M.A., Milliken, R.E., Marchant, D.R., 2003. Recent ice ages on Mars. Nature 426, 797&#8211;8022. Byrne, S., 2009. The polar deposits of Mars. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 37, 535&#8211;560.3. Fanara, K. Gwinner, E. Hauber, J. Oberst, Present-day erosion rate of north polar scarps on Mars due to active mass wasting; Icarus,Volume 342, 2020; 113434, ISSN 0019-1035.4. Fanara, K. Gwinner, E. Hauber, J. Oberst, Automated detection of block falls in the north polar region of Mars; Planetary and Space Science, Volume 180, 2020; 104733, ISSN 0032-0633.5. Ayoub, F.; Leprince, S.; Avouac, J.-P. User&#8217;s Guide to COSI-CORR Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation; California Institute of Technology: Pasadena, CA, USA, 2009; pp. 1&#8211;49.

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Present-day erosion rate of north polar scarps on Mars due to active mass wasting

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Mars and the ESA Science Programme - the case for Mars polar science

Mars and the ESA Science Programme - the case for Mars polar science

Sources and characteristics of block falls at the Martian north polar scarps

Computer vision model for detecting block falls at the martian north polar region.

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