Present Concepts and Recent Advances in Acute Poliomyelitis

Paul, John R.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1952.00240080137014

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Paper for PAA annual meeting, Austin, Texas, April 2019 infection with poliovirus beyond the age when infants were protected by passively acquired maternal antibody is postulated to increase the risk of clinical disease. (Nathanson et al 1993, p.8) Some of the ideas that are part of the hygiene hypothesis were present in the polio literature before Nathanson's refinement, f.e., Sabin (1947), Van Riper (1947, Rivers (1948), Aycock and Meadors (1948), Paul (1952), Horstmann (1953, and Rhodes (1955). Earlier still, Collins (1946) and Melnick and Ledinko (1951) noted that in regions free of epidemic poliomyelitis, there was a steep acquisition by age of poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies, indicating high levels of exposure despite lack of outbreaks.…”

Section: The Hygiene Hypothesis In Polio Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper for PAA annual meeting, Austin, Texas, April 201919281929193019311932193319341935193619375 50 500 5,000 19381939194019411942194319441945194619475 50 500 5,000 194919501951195219531955195719585 50 500 5,000 1960196119621963196419651966196719681969 The key aspect of our analysis by race is that nonwhites were drinking dirtier water. We use typhoid fever as a comparison disease because "the typhoid-fever death-rate of the community will fairly well represent the sanitary quality of the water-supply" (Whipple, 1907, p.7); cf.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the social ecology of polio

Mauricio¹,

Noymer²

2019

Preprint

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Using data on poliomyelitis and typhoid fever mortality in the United States, 1914–69, we test competing theories for the twentieth century expansion of polio. We analyze data stratified by age, sex, and race. We show that some of the seemingly-paradoxical aspects of the data — principally, that whites had higher polio death rates than nonwhites but lower typhoid death rates — are consistent with the polio hygiene hypothesis. Data on racial differences show that the hygiene hypothesis is necessary and sufficient to explain patterns of polio mortality in the United States. Epidemiological phenomena are best understood in their social context.

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