Present applications of titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic removal of pollutants from water: A review

Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy; Nagarajan, Vikas Madhav; Krishnan, Abhishek; Malolan, Rajagopal; Rangarajan, Goutham

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110906

Cited by 296 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 343 publications

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“…Similarly, other studies have exposed TiO 2 photocatalysts to UV light for discoloration of different types of dyes in wastewater such as Direct Red 23, Toluidine Blue, Safranin Orange, and Methylene Blue [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Apart from the catalyst load, several other factors which includes pH, temperature, wavelength, reaction time, and the pollutant concentration can influence the photocatalytic efficiency [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In response to this fact, optimization becomes an option to improve photocatalytic degradation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology: Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Basic Blue 41 Dye Using Activated Carbon with TiO2

et al. 2021

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Water decontamination still remains a major challenge to some developing countries not having centralized wastewater systems. Therefore, this study presents the optimization of photocatalytic degradation of Basic Blue 41 dye in an aqueous medium by an activated carbon (AC)-TiO2 photocatalyst under UV irradiation. The mesoporous AC-TiO2 synthesized by a sonication method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for crystal phase identification and molecular bond structures, respectively. The efficiency of the AC-TiO2 was evaluated as a function of three input variables viz. catalyst load (2–4 g), reaction time (15–45 min) and pH (6–9) by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) adapted from response surface methodology. Using color and turbidity removal as responses, a 17 run experiment matrix was generated by the BBD to investigate the interaction effects of the three aforementioned input factors. From the results, a reduced quadratic model was generated, which showed good predictability of results agreeable to the experimental data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), signposted the selected models for color and turbidity, was highly significant (p < 0.05) with coefficients of determination (R2) values of 0.972 and 0.988, respectively. The catalyst load was found as the most significant factor with a high antagonistic impact on the process, whereas the interactive effect of reaction time and pH affected the process positively. At optimal conditions of catalyst load (2.6 g), reaction time (45 min), and pH (6); the desirability of 96% was obtained by a numerical optimization approach representing turbidity removal of 93% and color of 96%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology: Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Basic Blue 41 Dye Using Activated Carbon with TiO2

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to the presence of CECs, another risk involved in the reuse of these resources of water is the presence of harmful microorganisms, which frequently produce toxic compounds once they come into contact with humans [72]. Therefore, the presence of E. coli bacteria, total coliforms and toxicity were studied as macroparameters indicative of the quality of the water intended for reuse, as shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Effect Of the Self-cleaning System On The Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture

et al. 2021

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The water–development nexus is essential for the advancement and progress of cities in the face of problems such as climate change, water security and increasing environmental stress in the agricultural sector. Aiming for a circular economy and, at the same time, improving the resilience of water supply alternatives and achieving a goal of zero waste, this work presents a technical–economic study of a novel continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) system with self-cleaning capacity coupled to an ozonation process, for the treatment of urban WWTP effluent. The removal efficiencies achieved were analysed both through macroscopic parameters (suspended solids, turbidity) and for the most frequently occurring contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Consequently, an effluent suitable for irrigation was obtained, with a total recovery factor of 97.92%, a concentration of suspended solids (SS) below 1 mg L−1, 0.06 NTU turbidity and toxicity free, complying with the new European Regulation on Water Reuse (EU 2020/741). A comparative analysis of the proposed process with regard to conventional tertiary treatment revealed that the proposed process was 39.1% more economic, with a cost of 0.0325 € m−3. This alternative treatment will be of great interest because of its favourable technical–economic characteristics, being postulated as a basic process for implementation in modern water reuse plants.

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“…The increase of PhACs concentration raises essential issues to traditional wastewater treatment [ 85 , 86 , 87 ] and requires the involvement of novel processes such as photocatalysis [ 88 , 89 , 90 ]. The literature mentions a high number of PhACs investigated in AOP experiments, between the most representative are: TC, CIP, TCS, CBZ, SA, IBS and SMZ.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Organic Pollutants Removal By Heterostructmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Photoactive Heterostructures on the Photocatalytic Removal of Dyes and Pharmaceutical Active Compounds: A Mini-Review

Eneşca

Andronic

2020

Nanomaterials

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The diversification of pollutants type and concentration in wastewater has underlined the importance of finding new alternatives to traditional treatment methods. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), among others, are considered as promising candidate to efficiently remove organic pollutants such as dyes or pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs). The present minireview resumes several recent achievements on the implementation and optimization of photoactive heterostructures used as photocatalysts for dyes and PhACs removal. The paper is focused on various methods of enhancing the heterostructure photocatalytic properties by optimizing parameters such as synthesis methods, composition, crystallinity, morphology, pollutant concentration and light irradiation.

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Present applications of titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic removal of pollutants from water: A review

Cited by 296 publications

References 343 publications

Response Surface Methodology: Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Basic Blue 41 Dye Using Activated Carbon with TiO2

Response Surface Methodology: Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Basic Blue 41 Dye Using Activated Carbon with TiO2

Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture

The Influence of Photoactive Heterostructures on the Photocatalytic Removal of Dyes and Pharmaceutical Active Compounds: A Mini-Review

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