Present and Future Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B

Tao, Ya-Chao; Wu, Dongbo; Zhou, Lingyun; Chen, En‐Qiang; Liu, Changhai; Tang, Xiaoqiong; Han, Ning; Li, Hong; Tang, Hong

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_6

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…CHB patients undergoing chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, HBV integration and metabolism, and oxidative damage develop HCC ultimately 26 . It is widely accepted that NAs can effectively prevent the progression or delay the development of HCC in CHB patients 27,28 . Therefore, ETV, TDF, and other NAs are recommended by current guidelines, especially ETV and TDF that are regarded as the first‐line therapy, 29,30 but no common consensus exists on which drug should be selected as the first choice for CHB patients to reduce the risk of HCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yao

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim: Studies had shown that tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are widely used as the first-line therapy to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication, which can reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, but it was unclear which nucleos(t)ide analogue was most effective. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis and a systematic review to compare the incidence of HCC in CHB patients who are either on TDF or ETV. Methods: For this study, the following databases were searched for clinical trials published from its inception until November 2019: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Results: A total of 11 eligible studies were selected, including 70 864 patients. The meta-analysis showed that TDF was superior to ETV with regard to the incidence of HCC, the incidence of death or transplantation, and virologic response. There were no significant differences in terms of biochemical response and loss of seroconversion response among the entire cohort. Conclusions: The conclusion was that CHB patients treated with TDF had a reduced incidence of HCC compared with patients treated with ETV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yao

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Preliminary in vitro data suggest potential in the application of both rhIFNα and Zelnate in the treatment of clinical EEHV infections and give a plausible mode of action to justify their use 40 41. Although EEHVs are likely to possess IFN‐evasion strategies as described in other herpesviruses,42–44 the concept of head‐start immunity has been proposed,45 whereby these viral defences can be pre‐empted and, with sufficient and timely activation of the IFN system, can overcome infection, as highlighted by IFN‐based treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis B virus 46. EEHV‐HD is thought to be the result of primary infection in immunologically naive animals, following the decline of maternally derived antibodies 47.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of immunostimulants in the successful treatment of a clinical EEHV1A infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Drake

Haycock

Dastjerdi

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) poses a significant threat to the captive population of juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and also affects elephants in the wild. In human and veterinary medicine, increasing attention is returning to the interferon system, a crucial mediator in the immune response for control of infection. We describe the first reported use of the Zelnate DNA immunostimulant and recombinant human interferon alpha (rhIFNα) as additional medications in the successful treatment of a case of EEHV1A-HD in a juvenile Asian elephant at a UK zoo. Despite an exponential rise in viraemia to a peak of 2.82×106 viral genomic equivalents/ml, only mild clinical signs developed and the calf survived with no adverse effects attributed to the novel treatments. This case is compared with a previous fatal case within the same herd where Zelnate and rhIFNα were not given.

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“… 1 The exact mechanism of how PEG-IFN promotes HBsAg clearance remains unknown, and studies on predictors of HBsAg loss are still in the exploratory stage. 9 – 11 However, there is accumulating evidence that PEG-IFN predominantly expands the NK cells compartment without boosting virus-specific T cells in HBV. 12 , 13 NK cells respond quickly to stimulants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of NK cells to HBsAg seroconversion in inactive HBsAg carriers following pegylated IFN therapy

et al. 2020

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Our recent study showed a high rate of HBsAg seroconversion in inactive HBsAg carriers (IHCs) treated with pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN). To understand the immune-mediated component of the HBsAg seroconversion better, this study investigated the role of NK cells. A total of 44 IHCs were given 48 wk of PEG-IFN. Fifteen cases achieved HBsAg seroconversion (R group), whereas 29 failed (NR group). The proportion and activity (CD107α and IFN-γ production) of NK cells were measured before and during treatment. We found that the proportion of NK cells in the R group was higher than in the NR group at baseline and during PEG-IFN treatment, even when patients were matched for age, sex and treatment period. IFN- γ secretion and CD107α expression from NK cells in cases who achieved HBsAg seroconversion were significantly higher than patients matched for age, sex, HBsAg and treatment period in the NR group at baseline and during PEG-IFN treatment. We also found that in HBsAg seroconversion cases, NK cells activity increased after PEG-IFN treatment, especially before HBsAg seroconversion. These effects were not found in non-responders. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the increase of NK cells accompanied by enhanced activity during PEG-IFN treatment favoured HBsAg seroconversion for IHC, and that NK cells may play a role in HBV seroconversion.

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Present and Future Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B

Cited by 36 publications

References 227 publications

Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir on reducing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Use of immunostimulants in the successful treatment of a clinical EEHV1A infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Contribution of NK cells to HBsAg seroconversion in inactive HBsAg carriers following pegylated IFN therapy

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