Presencia y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos de serovariedades de Salmonella enterica aisladas en una empresa avícola integrada del Ecuador

Abstract

RESUMEN.-A nivel mundial Salmonella es la responsable de causar millones de casos de gastroenteritis humana y más de cien mil defunciones cada año. Una de las principales fuentes de contagio esta bacteria son los productos de origen aviar. La utilización generalizada de antimicrobianos en la industria avícola ha favorecido el surgimiento de cepas de Salmonella multirresistentes. Dichas cepas podrían transmitirse al ser humano a través del consumo de productos cárnicos contaminados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar serotipos y patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de cepas de Salmonella aisladas en una empresa avícola integrada en Ecuador. Al final del período de muestreo se recolectaron 289 muestras que fueron analizadas en base a la norma NTE INEN-ISO 6579 Anexo D. El 20.1% de las muestras fueron positivas a Salmonella, identificándose 4 diferentes serovariedades, siendo S. Infantis (74.1%) el serotipo más frecuente. La mayoría de cepas de Salmonella presentaron resistencia a nitrofurantoína (94.8 %), tetraciclina (82.8%), cloranfenicol (79.3%) y trimetopin-sulfametoxazol (81%). Los resultados de este estudio indican que Salmonella puede estar presente en los diferentes procesos de la industria avícola ecuatoriana, además la resistencia antibacteriana de cepas aisladas en carne de pollo puede representar un riesgo para la salud pública. PALABRAS CLAVES:Ecuador, Industria Avícola, Resistencia a los antimicrobianos, Salmonella, Serotipo.ABSTRACT.-Salmonella is the cause of millions of cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide and over one hundred thousand deaths each year. A major source of this bacteria are poultry products. The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry industry has favored the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella. Such strains could be transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated meat products. The objective of this research was to identify serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from an integrated poultry company in Ecuador. A total of 289 samples were analyzed with the ISO 6579 Annex D protocol. The results showed 20.1% of positive samples. Four serotypes were found from which S. Infantis (86.2%) was the most frequent serotype. Most Salmonella strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin (94.8 %), tetracycline (82.8%), chloramphenicol (79.3%) and trimetopin-sulfamethoxazole (81%). The results shown in this study indicate that Salmonella may be present in different processes of Ecuador's poultry industry and that antibacterial resistance strains isolated from chicken meat may represent a risk to public health.

Investigating the dynamics of Salmonella contamination in integrated poultry companies using a whole genome sequencing approach

“…The selective pressure caused by the usage of antibiotics at farm level could explain the presence of several of these GDAMR, as it has been reported before ( Vinueza-Burgos et al, 2016 ; Villagómez et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Nonetheless, studies have been conducted in Ecuador that correlate the presence of GDAMR with phenotypic resistance in S . Infantis ( Villagómez et al, 2017 ; Vinueza-Burgos et al, 2019 ; Mejía et al, 2020 ). In fact, it has been shown a high correlation of the presence of GDAMR and resistant phenotypes ( Bortolaia et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Salmonella was isolated from the feed mills, broiler farms, and broiler processing plants comprising both integrations. Specific details on sampling design and Salmonella isolation have been published in previous papers ( Villagómez et al, 2017 ; Vinueza-Burgos et al, 2019 ). The distribution of Salmonella isolates within each integrated poultry company is presented in Table 1 .…”

First report of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis in broiler litter in Tolima, Colombia

“…S. Infantis has also been isolated in broiler carcasses and feces samples in three processing plants in the departments of Antioquia, Meta, and Cundinamarca [29]. S. Infantis in broiler litter has also been reported in tropical countries, such as in Ecuador and Brazil [30][31][32]. However, until now, the presence of S. Infantis has not been reported in Colombian broiler litter.…”

Presence and diversity of Salmonella isolated from layer farms in central Ecuador

“…The notable presence of Salmonella in poultry feed suggests that this may constitute a potential reservoir of this bacteria for poultry systems in the evaluated region, and consequently, a potential route of infection and colonization of poultry and subsequent entry into the food chain ( Fink-Gremmels, 2012; Jones, 2011). In recent research conducted in an integrated poultry farm in Ecuador, 4.1% (8/194) of samples were positive for Salmonella , particularly in animal-based feed ( Villagómez Estrada et al ., 2017). Therefore, the accurate detection of this pathogen in feed is necessary in order to identify the critical points of contamination (facilities, raw materials, transport, storage, producers), that one may apply effective measures to reduce the risk of transmission.…”