Presence, Sex, and Bad News: Exploring the Responses of Men and Women to Tragic News Stories in Varying Media

Disasters and Information Source Repertoires: Information Seeking and Information Sufficiency in Postearthquake Haiti

“…The data revealed that Haitian men are more active information seekers than women, a finding contrary to previous research in the USA (e.g., Spence, Lachlan, & Westerman, 2009;. The differences in repertoires by sex are likely cultural in origin, as Chazaly (2012) reported that many women in Haiti claimed to "not be in charge" of collecting information, implying the role of formal information gathering belonged to men (p. 21).…”

“…Crisis scholars have also emphasized the need to identify differences in information seeking by demographic variables. Spence, Lachlan, and Westerman (2009) have argued it is particularly important to study information seeking patterns by sex. For example, scholars have determined that women preferred TV and radio after the 9/11 attacks while men preferred Internet sources (Spence et al, 2005).…”

Controversial Advert Perceptions in SNS Advertising: The Role of Ethical Judgement and Religious Commitment

“…With regards to external factors, digital media platforms differ greatly from their traditional counterparts, since audiences have been advocated to be less tolerant to controversial online adverts (Prendergast and Hwa, 2003). This is in line with previous research, suggesting that perceptions about adverts vary across media (Speck and Elliot, 1997;Christy & Haley, 2008), including both offline and online media contexts (Winer, 2009;Spence, Lachlan & Westerman, 2009;Michaelidou and Moraes, 2013;Kerr et al, 2013), leading to varied consumer outcomes (Jarvenpaa and Staples, 2000;Chen, Clifford and Wells, 2002;Karson and Fisher, 2005). For example, Truon and Simmons (2010) concluded that mobile advertising is perceived as more intrusive than advertising on social networking sites (SNS).…”

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“…There is also evidence that women may be generally more risk averse than men, relationally oriented, and inclined to seek information related to both emotional needs and mitigation against risk (Burke, Spence, Lachlan, & Seeger, 2008;Spence, Lachlan, & Westerman, 2009). If this is the case, then the sexes may be quite different not only in their preferred sources of information but in the observational processes they use to understand, interpret, and retain this information.…”

“…Given past research indicating that men and women process risk information differently, and that women may be more inclined to experience both empathic responses to risk messages and internalize more information, the indirect effects of gender on organizational image were also included in the model (see McIntyre et al, 2011;Spence, Lachlan, Nelson, & Shelton, 2010;Spence et al, 2009). Evidence was found to support the proposed model, CMIN/df = 1.76, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .91.…”