Presence or absence of Dunning-Kruger effect: Differences in narcissism, general self-efficacy and decision-making styles in young adults

Christopher, Kezia Iris; Padmakumari, P; Herbert, Hesi S.

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01461-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Although findings from study two seem contradictory, given the causal link well established between education and critical thinking, these findings may also be explained by established relationships between narcissism and cognition. Littrell et al (2020) find that narcissistic individuals tend to perform poorly in cognitive reflection tasks, moreover, Christopher et al (2021) found that those that narcissistic individuals were significantly more likely to show signs of the Dunning-Kruger effect in the cognitive reflection task. Taken together with the current findings, narcissistic individuals are much more likely to favor intuitive thinking, and to be overconfident in their reasoning abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Narcissistic susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs exaggerated by education, reduced by cognitive reflection

Cosgrove

Murphy

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Conspiracy theories are alternate viewpoints of provided explanations; sensational stories revolving around small groups exerting control for nefarious reasons. Recent events and research have outlined myriad negative social and personal outcomes for those who endorse them. Prior research suggests several predictors of susceptibility to conspiracy theories, including narcissistic personality traits (grandiosity, need for uniqueness), cognitive processes (critical thinking, confirmation bias) and lack of education. The aim of the current paper was to explore how facets of narcissism predict susceptibility to conspiracy theories. It was expected that narcissism would be a positive predictor, but education and cognitive reflection would act as protective factors, reducing this effect. Study one utilized an international survey (N = 323) to investigate the role of education as a protective tool in the relationship between narcissistic traits and conspiratorial beliefs. Support was found for the hypotheses that individuals with higher levels of grandiosity, vulnerable narcissism, a strive for uniqueness, and a strive for supremacy predicted higher levels of conspiracy endorsement. Higher education and STEM education were associated with lower levels of conspiracy endorsement, however all significant moderations indicated that for narcissistic individuals, education increased their likelihood of adopting conspiracy beliefs, contrary to expectation. To investigate this further, study two analyzed a large-scale publicly available dataset (N = 51,404) to assess the relationship between narcissism, critical thinking skills (specifically cognitive reflection) and conspiracy beliefs pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, analysis found narcissism and poor cognitive reflection (intuitive thinking) as predictors of conspiracy beliefs. Higher levels of cognitive reflection were found to be protective, moderating and reducing the impact of narcissism on endorsement of conspiracy theories. The findings suggest that cognitive reflection, but not education protect against narcissistic conspiracy belief. Moreover, that cognitive reflection may have a lessened effect against conspiracy theories adopted for social or ideological reasons. These findings improve understanding of both the role and limitations of education/critical thinking skills as protective factors against conspiracy theory endorsement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Narcissistic susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs exaggerated by education, reduced by cognitive reflection

Cosgrove

Murphy

2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…I selve ledergjerningen har bedragersyndromet vist seg å føre til nettopp en overdreven innsats i jobben, i tillegg til irrasjonell risikovegring, manglende beslutningsevne, overvurdering av andres kompetanse, med mer (Downing et al, 2020). Fra empirisk forskning blant et utvalg ungevoksne i alderen 18-25 fant Christopher et al (2023) at manglende kunnskap om egne evner førte til undervurdering av egne prestasjoner og dermed også til beslutningsvegring og prokrastinering. Studien fant også at de samme respondentene som undervurderte sitt eget kunnskapsnivå, hadde en feilaktig oppfattelse av andres kompetanse.…”

Section: Bedragerfenomenetunclassified

Fit for change? En kvalitativ studie av hvordan lederes fortolkning av uforutsigbare omgivelser påvirker deres handlingsrom og evne til å bygge kapasitet for strategisk endring

Rydland¹,

Lange²

2023

HR I Møte Med Det Nye Arbeidslivet

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In this chapter we explore how a leadership team in a Norwegian consultancy company interprets and handles strategic change during crises and other demanding situations. We explored how the leaders in this team make sense of uncertainty in the environment and how their interpretations influenced their managerial discretion and capacity for change in times of crisis. We followed the leadership group through three stages: T1: when the crisis hit, T2: calmer times, T3: the new normal, with new “crisis”. We find that the leaders experienced complex environments, consisting of multiple and rapidly changing situations, perceived as demanding, and characterized as crises. We also find that leaders’ perception of their managerial discretion affects their ability to build capacity for change, that is to say, their ability to handle daily operations, strategic change, and crises or demanding situations. Our findings contribute to increased insight into how organizations can build capacity for implementing strategic change in unpredictable environments.

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“…We considered narcissism as a relevant moderator because narcissism is associated with self-enhancement [ 50 , 51 ], overconfidence [ 2 ], and cognitive biases such as the Dunning-Kruger effect [ 52 , 53 ]. Narcissists think they are more intelligent than they actually are [ 54 ] and are thus more prone than others to illusory thinking [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“It doesn’t matter if you are in charge of the trees, you always miss the trees for the forest”: Power and the illusion of explanatory depth

Körner,

Schütz,

Petersen

2024

PLoS ONE

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Power can increase overconfidence and illusory thinking. We investigated whether power is also related to the illusion of explanatory depth (IOED), people’s tendency to think they understand the world in more detail, coherence, and depth than they actually do. Abstract thinking was reported as a reason for the IOED, and according to the social distance theory of power, power increases abstract thinking. We linked these literatures and tested construal style as a mediator. Further, predispositions can moderate effects of power and we considered narcissism as a candidate because narcissism leads to overconfidence and may thus increase the IOED especially in combination with high power. In three preregistered studies (total N = 607), we manipulated power or measured feelings of power. We found evidence for the IOED (regarding explanatory knowledge about devices). Power led to general overconfidence but had only a small impact on the IOED. Power and narcissism had a small interactive effect on the IOED. Meta-analytical techniques suggest that previous findings on the construal-style-IOED link show only weak evidential value. Implications refer to research on management, power, and overconfidence.

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Presence or absence of Dunning-Kruger effect: Differences in narcissism, general self-efficacy and decision-making styles in young adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Narcissistic susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs exaggerated by education, reduced by cognitive reflection

Narcissistic susceptibility to conspiracy beliefs exaggerated by education, reduced by cognitive reflection

Fit for change? En kvalitativ studie av hvordan lederes fortolkning av uforutsigbare omgivelser påvirker deres handlingsrom og evne til å bygge kapasitet for strategisk endring

“It doesn’t matter if you are in charge of the trees, you always miss the trees for the forest”: Power and the illusion of explanatory depth

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