Presence of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats in a temple in central Thailand

Mori, Hirotake; Mahittikorn, Aongart; Thammasonthijarern, Nipa; Chaisiri, Kittipong; Rojekittikhun, Wichit; Sukthana, Yaowalark

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.025

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, 11.5% of pet cats were found to be infected with E. bieneusi. These results are in agreement with the findings of previous studies where the reported infection rates of E. bieneusi ranged from 7.8% to 15.0% in dogs (17,19,25) and from 5.0% to 31.3% in cats (18,20,26,27). Surprisingly, in these two types of animals, the males were more likely to be infected with E. bieneusi, as initially reported in dogs by Santin and associates (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Among the 11 known E. bieneusi genotypes identified in this study, PtEbIX, D, and type IV were previously found in dogs and cats in Portugal, Colombia, Japan, Switzerland, Thailand, and Germany (18)(19)(20)(26)(27)(28)(29). However, 9 of the known genotypes, including O, D, EbpA, Peru8, type IV, EbpC, I, PigEBITS5, and BEB6 (reported as SH5 in children by Wang et al [15]), have been reported in humans and in other animals worldwide (6, 8, 10, 12-16, 18, 24, 30, 31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Thus, dogs and cats might play a role in the zoonotic transmission of E. bieneusi genotypes. Nevertheless, the genotype PtEbIX is considered to be dog specific and to have worldwide distribution (18). The remaining known genotype, CM1, was recently reported in nonhuman primates in China (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study by Zhang and colleagues reported two new genotypes of E. bieneusi in dogs in China (17). Likewise, studies in dogs and cats have been few in other parts of the world.In these few studies, both host-specific and zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi have been reported in dogs and cats (18)(19)(20).The purpose of the present study was to examine the occurrence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in dogs and cats in some parts of China and to assess the host specificity and zoonotic potential of this organism at the genotype level. …”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In these few studies, both host-specific and zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi have been reported in dogs and cats (18)(19)(20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

et al. 2014

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cTo explore the genetic diversity, host specificity, and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, feces from 348 stray and pet dogs and 96 pet cats from different locations in China were examined by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR. E. bieneusi was detected in 15.5% of the dogs, including 20.5% of stray dogs and 11.7% of pet dogs, and in 11.5% of the pet cats. Higher infection rates were recorded in the >2-year and the 1-to 2-year age groups in dogs and cats, respectively. Altogether, 24 genotypes, including 11 known and 13 new, were detected in 65 infected animals. In 54 positive dogs, 18 genotypes, 9 known (PtEbIX, O, D, CM1, EbpA, Peru8, type IV, EbpC, and PigEBITS5) and 9 new (CD1 to CD9), were found. In contrast, 8 genotypes, 4 known (D, BEB6, I, and PtEbIX) and 4 new (CC1 to CC4), were identified in 11 infected cats. The dominant genotype in dogs was PtEbIX (26/54). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 8 known genotypes (D, Peru8, type IV, CM1, EbpC, PigEBITS5, O, and EbpA) and 7 new genotypes (CD1 to CD4 and CC2 to CC4) were the members of zoonotic group 1, whereas genotypes CD7, CD8, and CD9 together with PtEbIX belonged to the dog-specific group, and genotypes CD6 and CC1 were placed in group 2 with BEB6 and I. Conversely, genotype CD5 clustered with CM4 without belonging to any previous groups. We conclude that zoonotic genotypes are common in dogs and cats, as are host-specific genotypes in dogs. M icrosporidia, obligate eukaryotic intracellular pathogens, are considered to be highly diverged and specialized parasites, formerly classified as protozoa (1) and recently included in the fungus kingdom without further subdivision (2). They infect a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts (3). Among the human-infecting microsporidian species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea, organ transplant recipients, children, the elderly, and patients with malignant diseases and diabetes (4, 5). In addition, E. bieneusi has been reported in various wild, domestic, and companion mammals and birds worldwide (4, 6). Thus, microsporidiosis by E. bieneusi is regarded as a zoonosis, although the range of animal hosts and their involvement in transmission are poorly understood.Recent molecular approaches based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) enable us to assess the host specificity and public health significance of the organism (6, 7). There are now at least 204 reported ITS genotypes of E. bieneusi, and new genotypes have been identified in various animals, humans, and water bodies (6,(8)(9)(10). In phylogenetic analysis, these genotypes form some unique groups. Group 1 is found in humans and animals, while groups 2 to 8 are found mostly in specific hosts and wastewater (7,8,11).Recently, zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes have been reported in AIDS patients, children, nonhuman primates, pigs, and urban wastewater in China (8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, studies...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In these few studies, both host-specific and zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi have been reported in dogs and cats (18)(19)(20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

et al. 2014

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Widespread presence of human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype D in farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China: first identification and zoonotic concern

Yang

Lin

et al. 2015

Parasitol Res

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a well-known causative agent of microsporidial infections in a variety of mammal hosts including humans in China, whereas there were no epidemiological data on wild animals bred in captivity, and the role of the neglected hosts in transmission of zoonotic microsporidiasis remains unknown. Herein, we investigated feces from 191 farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 162 farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) for the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of E. bieneusi in Harbin City, northeast China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene enabled the identification of 53 (27.7%) and 17 (10.5%) positives from fox and raccoon dog specimens, respectively. There was only minor difference in prevalence between juvenile and adult foxes. Adult raccoon dogs have an infection rate significantly higher than juveniles. The most common human-pathogenic E. bieneusi, genotype D, is widespread among foxes and raccoon dogs of various ages by sequence analysis of the ITS locus. Genotypes CHN-DC1 and mixed CHN-DC1/WildBoar3 were detected in one adult raccoon dog each. Here is the first report describing the presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes in farmed foxes and raccoon dogs. The widespread existence of genotype D in surveyed animals is of great concern for public health.

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Occurrence and genetic diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia) in owned and sheltered dogs and cats in Northern Spain

et al. 2019

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Presence of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats in a temple in central Thailand

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

Genetic Diversity in Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolates from Dogs and Cats in China: Host Specificity and Public Health Implications

Widespread presence of human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype D in farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China: first identification and zoonotic concern

Occurrence and genetic diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia) in owned and sheltered dogs and cats in Northern Spain

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