Presence of West Nile Virus RNA in Tissues of American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Vaccinated with a Killed West Nile Virus Vaccine

Higbie, Christine T.; Nevarez, Javier G.; Roy, Alma; Piero, Fábio Del

doi:10.5818/1529-9651-27.1-2.18

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…No residual BinJV/WNV KUN vaccine was detected in the blood of vaccinated animals 2 weeks post-vaccination. This is in contrast to reports that a commercially available inactivated equine vaccine (West Nile Virus Vaccine, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. [BIVI], St. Joseph, MO) used off-label in American alligators, remained detectable for weeks after the vaccination raising some safety concerns 20 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…A subsequent report questioned vaccine safety since WNV viral genomic material was detected in tissue samples from vaccinated alligators. However, it is not yet clear at this stage whether the detected viral RNA was from the vaccine rather than a natural infection 20 . Regardless, none of these vaccines are licensed and available in Australia; hence there is a need for a vaccine for use in farmed saltwater crocodiles, an important industry in Northern Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A chimeric vaccine protects farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus-induced skin lesions

Habarugira

Harrison

Moran³

et al. 2023

npj Vaccines

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West Nile virus (WNV) causes skin lesions in farmed crocodiles leading to the depreciation of the value of their hides and significant economic losses. However, there is no commercially available vaccine designed for use in crocodilians against WNV. We tested chimeric virus vaccines composed of the non-structural genes of the insect-specific flavivirus Binjari virus (BinJV) and genes encoding the structural proteins of WNV. The BinJV/WNV chimera, is antigenically similar to wild-type WNV but replication-defective in vertebrates. Intramuscular injection of two doses of BinJV/WNV in hatchling saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) elicited a robust neutralising antibody response and conferred protection against viremia and skin lesions after challenge with WNV. In contrast, mock-vaccinated crocodiles became viraemic and 22.2% exhibited WNV-induced lesions. This suggests that the BinJV/WNV chimera is a safe and efficacious vaccine for preventing WNV-induced skin lesions in farmed crocodilians.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A chimeric vaccine protects farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus-induced skin lesions

Habarugira

Harrison

Moran³

et al. 2023

npj Vaccines

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“…Over the last decades, a nucleic acid-based molecular technique has been a rapid and most reliable diagnostic tool thanks to its sensitivity and specificity [ 404 ]. Currently, it is commonly used in the diagnosis of viral infections including WNV [ 405 , 406 , 407 , 408 ].…”

Section: Diagnostic Approaches Of Wnvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular diagnosis of WNV targets the E protein region, conserved across several WNV strains [ 412 ]. Being very sensitive, RT-PCR may detect the viral RNA from animals vaccinated with killed WNV vaccine [ 404 ]; therefore, while screening individuals vaccinated with such vaccines, PCR should be complemented with other diagnostic methods such as virus isolation. Alternatively, the RT-PCR should target WNV-NS5 to segregate viral RNA from the vaccine from replicating virus from infection.…”

Section: Diagnostic Approaches Of Wnvmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

et al. 2020

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.

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West Nile Virus

Kakoti,

Nongrang,

Borah

et al. 2024

Rising Contagious Diseases

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Presence of West Nile Virus RNA in Tissues of American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Vaccinated with a Killed West Nile Virus Vaccine

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

A chimeric vaccine protects farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus-induced skin lesions

A chimeric vaccine protects farmed saltwater crocodiles from West Nile virus-induced skin lesions

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

West Nile Virus

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